Gold had been trading strongly to the upside since the beginning of March, rising from the 1810 price area to reach the 2000 price area which was last tested in April 2022. However, after reaching the resistance area, Gold retraced lower to test the 1937.50 support area which coincides with the 38.2% Fibonacci retracement level and the bullish trendline. Currently, Gold is forming a double top chart pattern as the price again retraces from the resistance level at 2000.
With the Moving Average Convergence and Divergence (MACD) indicator signaling a potential bearish reversal, a confirmation of further downside potential could be signaled if Gold breaks below the bullish trendline. This could see the price trade lower to test the 1917 level, and beyond that, the 1887 support level which coincides with the 61.8% Fibonacci retracement level. Significant moves to the downside on Gold is likely to be driven by a recovery in the strength of the DXY, due to its inverse correlation with the reserve commodity.
Alternatively, if the market uncertainty increases, arising from further developments in the banking crisis or increased concern over possible global inflation, Gold could trade higher beyond the 2000 resistance level, which would invalidate the double-top formation. A continuation of the uptrend could see Gold trade toward the next resistance level of 2070, which was last reached in March 2022.
By
JinDao Tai
Artikel ini ditulis oleh analis dan kontributor GO Markets berdasarkan analisis independen atau pengalaman pribadi mereka. Pandangan, opini, atau gaya trading yang diungkapkan sepenuhnya merupakan milik penulis, dan tidak mewakili atau dibagikan oleh GO Markets. Setiap saran yang diberikan bersifat “umum” dan tidak mempertimbangkan tujuan, situasi keuangan, atau kebutuhan pribadi Anda. Sebelum mengambil tindakan berdasarkan saran tersebut, pertimbangkan apakah saran tersebut sesuai dengan tujuan, situasi keuangan, dan kebutuhan Anda. Jika saran tersebut berkaitan dengan perolehan produk keuangan tertentu, Anda harus memperoleh Pernyataan Pengungkapan (Disclosure Statement/DS) dan dokumen hukum lainnya yang tersedia di situs web kami sebelum membuat keputusan apa pun.
Venezuela commands the world's largest proven oil reserves at 303 billion barrels. Yet political turmoil, global sanctions, and recent US intervention show that being the biggest isn’t always best.
Quick facts:
Venezuela holds 18% of the world's total proven oil reserves despite producing less than 1% of global consumption.
Just four countries (Venezuela, Saudi Arabia, Iran, and Canada) control over half the planet's proven reserves.
Saudi Arabia dominates crude oil production contributing to over 16% of global exports.
US shale technology has enabled America to lead in production despite ranking ninth in reserves.
Top 10 countries by proven oil reserves
1. Venezuela – 303 billion barrels
Controls 18% of global reserves, primarily extra-heavy crude in the Orinoco Belt requiring specialised refining.
Heavy crude trades $15-20 below Brent benchmarks due to high sulphur content and complex processing requirements.
Output crashed 60% from 2.5 million bpd in 2014 to less than 1.0 million bpd last year.
Approximately 80% of exports flow to China as loan repayment, with export revenues dwarfed by reserve potential.
2. Saudi Arabia – 267 billion barrels
Majority light, sweet crude oil requires minimal refining and commands premium prices, contributing to world-leading exports of $191.1 billion in 2024.
Maintains 2-3 million bpd of spare production capacity, providing market stabilisation capability during supply disruptions.
Oil comprises roughly 50% of the country’s GDP and 70% of its export earnings.
Production decisions significantly impact international oil prices due to market dominance.
Heavy Western sanctions severely limit the country’s ability to monetise and access international markets.
Production estimates vary significantly (2.5-3.8 million bpd) due to sanctions, limited transparency, and restricted international reporting.
Significant crude volumes flow to China through discount arrangements and sanctions-evading mechanisms.
Sanctions relief could rapidly boost production toward 4-5 million bpd, though domestic consumption (12th globally) reduces export potential.
4. Canada – 163 billion barrels
Approximately 97% of reserves are oil sands (bitumen) requiring steam-assisted extraction and significant upfront capital investment.
Political stability and regulatory frameworks position Canada as a secure source compared to volatile producers, with direct pipeline access to US refineries.
Supplied over 60% of U.S. crude oil imports in 2024, making Canada America's top source by far.
5. Iraq – 145 billion barrels
Decades of war and sanctions have prevented optimal field development and infrastructure modernisation.
Improved security conditions since 2017 have enabled production recovery, but pipeline attacks and aging facilities continue to constrain output.
Oil revenue comprises over 90% of government income, creating extreme fiscal vulnerability.
Exports flow primarily to China, India, and Asian buyers seeking a reliable Middle Eastern supply, with most production from super-giant southern fields near Basra.
6. United Arab Emirates – 113 billion barrels
Produces primarily medium-to-light sweet crude commanding premium prices, ranking fourth globally in export value at $87.6 billion.
Has successfully diversified its economy through tourism, finance, and trade, reducing oil's GDP share compared to Gulf peers.
Strategic location near the Strait of Hormuz and openness to international oil companies help facilitate efficient global distribution.
7. Kuwait – 101.5 billion barrels
Reserves are concentrated in aging super-giant fields like Burgan, which require enhanced recovery techniques.
Favourable geology enables extraction costs around $8-10 per barrel, with proven reserves providing 80+ years of supply at current production rates.
Oil comprises 60% of GDP and over 95% of export revenue.
8. Russia – 80 billion barrels
World's third-largest producer despite ranking eighth in reserves.
Post-2022 Western sanctions redirected crude flows from Europe to Asia, with China and India now absorbing the majority at discounted prices.
Despite export restrictions and G7 price cap at $60/barrel, it posted the second-highest global export value at $169.7 billion in 2024.
Russian Urals crude typically trades $15-30 below Brent due to quality, sanctions, and logistics, with November 2024 revenues declining to $11 billion.
9. United States – 74.4 billion barrels
The shale revolution through horizontal drilling and hydraulic fracturing has made the U.S. the world's #1 oil producer despite holding only the 9th-largest reserves.
The Permian Basin accounts for nearly 50% of production, with shale/tight oil representing 65% of total output.
Achieved net petroleum exporter status in 2020 for the first time since 1949, with crude exports growing from near-zero in 2015 to over 4 million bpd in 2024.
The U.S. government maintains a 375+ million barrel strategic reserve.
10. Libya – 48.4 billion barrels
Holds Africa's largest proven oil reserves at 48.4 billion barrels, producing light sweet crude commanding premium prices.
Rival bordering governments compete for oil revenue control, causing production to fluctuate based on political conditions.
Oil facilities face blockades, militia attacks, and political leverage tactics, preventing consistent returns.
Favourable geology enables extraction costs around $10-15 per barrel, with geographic proximity making Libya a natural supplier to European refineries.
What does this mean for oil markets?
The concentration of reserves among OPEC members (60% of the global total) ensures the organisation has continued influence over pricing, even as US shale provides a production counterweight.
Venezuela's potential return as a major exporter post-U.S. occupation could eventually ease supply constraints, though most analysts view significant production increases as years away.
Sanctions could create a situation where discounted crude seeks buyers willing to navigate compliance risks. Refiners with heavy crude processing capability may benefit from price differentials if Venezuelan barrels increase.
While reserves appear abundant, economically recoverable volumes depend on sustained high prices. If renewable adoption accelerates and demand peaks sooner than projected, stranded assets become a material risk for reserve-heavy producers.
Asia starts the week with a fresh geopolitical shock that is already being framed in oil terms, not just security terms. The first-order move may be a repricing of risk premia and volatility across energy and macro, while markets wait to see whether this becomes a durable physical disruption or a fast-fading headline premium.
At a glance
What happened: US officials said the US carried out “Operation Absolute Resolve”, including strikes around Caracas, and that Venezuela’s President Nicolás Maduro and his wife were taken into US custody and flown to the United States (subject to ongoing verification against the cited reporting).
What markets may focus on now: Headline-driven risk premia and volatility, especially in products and heavy-crude-sensitive spreads, rather than a clean “missing barrels” shock.
What is not happening yet: Early pricing has so far looked more like a headline risk premium than a confirmed physical supply shock, though this can change quickly, with analysts pointing to ample global supply as a possible cap on sustained upside.
Next 24 to 72 hours: Market participants are likely to focus on the shape of the oil “quarantine”, the UN track, and whether this stays “one and done” or becomes open-ended.
Australia and Asia hook: AUD as a risk barometer, Asia refinery margins in diesel and heavy, and shipping and insurance where the price can show up in friction before it shows up in benchmarks.
What happened, facts fast
Before anyone had time to workshop the talking points, there were strikes, there was a raid, and there was a custody transfer. US officials say the operation culminated in Maduro and his wife being flown to the United States, where court proceedings are expected.
Then came the line that turned a foreign policy story into a markets story. President Trump publicly suggested the US would “run” Venezuela for now, explicitly tying the mission to oil.
Almost immediately after that came a message-discipline correction. Secretary of State Marco Rubio said the US would not govern Venezuela day to day, but would press for changes through an oil “quarantine” or blockade.
That tension, between maximalist presidential rhetoric and a more bureaucratically describable “quarantine”, is where the uncertainty lives. Uncertainty is what gets priced first.
Source: Adobe images
Why this is price relevant now
What’s new versus known for positioning
What’s new, and price relevant, is that the scale and outcome are not incremental. A major military operation, a claimed removal of Venezuela’s leadership from the country, and a US-led custody transfer are not the sort of things markets can safely treat as noise.
Second, the oil framing is explicit. Even if you assume the language gets sanded down later, the stated lever is petroleum. Flows, enforcement, and pressure via exports.
Third, the embargo is not just a talking point anymore. Reporting says PDVSA has begun asking some joint ventures to cut output because exports have been halted and storage is tightening, with heavy-crude and diluent constraints featuring prominently.
What’s still unknown, and where volatility comes from
Key unknowns include how strict enforcement is on water, what exemptions look like in practice, how stable the on-the-ground situation is, and which countries recognise what comes next. Those are not philosophical questions. Those are the inputs for whether this is a temporary risk premium or a durable regime shift.
Political and legal reaction, why this drives tail risk
The fastest way to understand the tail here is to watch who calls this illegal, and who calls it effective, then ask what those camps can actually do.
Internationally, reaction has been fast, with emphasis on international law and the UN Charter from key partners, and UN processes in view. In the US, lawmakers and commentators have begun debating the legal basis, including questions of authority and war powers. That matters for markets because it helps define whether this is a finite operation with an aftershock, or the opening chapter of a rolling policy regime that keeps generating headlines.
Market mechanism, the core “so what”
Here’s the key thing about oil shocks. Sometimes the headline is the shock. Sometimes the plumbing is the shock.
Venezuela’s heavy-crude system: Orinoco production, key pipelines, and export/refining bottlenecks.
Volumes and cushion
Venezuela is not the world’s swing producer. Its production is meaningful at the margin, but not enough by itself to imply “the world runs out of oil tomorrow”. The risk is not just volume. It is duration, disruption, and friction.
The market’s mental brake is spare capacity and the broader supply backdrop. Reporting over the weekend pointed to ample global supply as a likely cap on sustained gains, even as prices respond to risk.
Quality and transmission
Venezuela’s barrels are disproportionately extra heavy, and extra heavy crude is not just “oil”. It is oil that often needs diluent or condensate to move and process. That is exactly the kind of constraint that shows up as grade-specific tightness and product effects.
Reporting has highlighted diluent constraints and storage pressure as exports stall. Translation: even if Brent stays relatively civil, watch cracks, diesel and distillates, and any signals that “heavy substitution” is getting expensive.
Heavy-light spread as a stress gauge: rising differentials can signal costly substitution and tighter heavy supply.
Products transmission, volatility first, pump later
If crude is the headline, products are the receipt, because products tell you what refiners can actually do with the crude they can actually get. The short-run pattern is usually: futures reprice risk fast, implied volatility pops; physical flows adapt more slowly; retail follows with a lag, and often with less drama than the first weekend of commentary promised.
For Australia and Asia desks, the bigger point is transmission. Energy moves can influence inflation expectations, which can feed into rates pricing and the dollar, and in turn affect Asia FX and broader risk, though the links are not mechanical and can vary by regime.
Some market participants also monitor refined-product benchmarks, including gasoline contracts such as reformulated gasoline blendstock, as part of that chain rather than as a stand-alone signal.
Historical context, the two patterns that matter
Two patterns matter more than any single episode.
Pattern A: scare premium. Big headline, limited lasting outage. A spike, then a fade as the market decides the plumbing still works.
Pattern B: structural. Real barrels are lost or restrictions lock in; the forward curve reprices; the premium migrates from front-month drama to whole-curve reality.
One commonly observed pattern is that when it is only premium, volatility tends to spike more than price. When it is structural, levels and time spreads move more durably.
The three possible market reactions
Contained, rhetorical: quarantine exists but porous; diplomacy churns; no second-wave actions. Premium bleeds out; volatility mean-reverts.
Escalation, prolonged control risk: “not governing” language loses credibility; repeated operations; allies fracture further. Longer-duration premium; broader risk-off impulse across FX and rates.
Australia and Asia angle
For Sydney, Singapore, and Hong Kong screens, this is less about Venezuelan retail politics and more about how a Western Hemisphere intervention bleeds into Asia pricing.
AUD is the quick and dirty risk proxy. Asia refiners care about the kind of oil and the friction cost. Heavy crude plus diluent dependency makes substitution non-trivial. If enforcement looks aggressive, the “price” can show up in freight, insurance, and spreads before it shows up in headline Brent.
Catalyst calendar, key developments markets may monitor
US policy detail: quarantine rules, enforcement posture, exemptions.
UN and allies: statements that signal whether this becomes a long legitimacy fight.
Why Is Gold in Focus Right Now?Throughout early 2025, gold has surged to record highs, breaching $3,400 an ounce for the first time in history. For newer traders, this may seem like a “blue-sky” breakout without precedent. For experienced market participants, it raises a more practical and important question, i.e. what is driving this rally, and is it sustainable?Understanding the fundamental and technical context behind such moves helps us not only trade the present but plan for what may come next, which can guide us in the decisions we make with our trading action.This article aims to build upon recent outlook webinars that we have delivered recently, which have waved the bullish flag throughout. However, I must admit to having been surprised at the velocity of the rally.We will try to unpick key drivers as well as analyse what could be next and why.What’s Driving the Gold Rally in 2025?Let’s take a look at the main contributing factors that are currently supporting the upward momentum in gold prices:1. Rising Global Uncertainty and Geopolitical RiskPolitical instability, as it has historically, remains a strong macro backdrop for gold. Recent flare-ups in geopolitical conflict — particularly in Eastern Europe and the Middle East — have returned “safe haven” flows back into focus. This is typical during periods when traditional risk assets like equities face greater downside volatility.Additionally, the somewhat turbulent start (even more so than many predicted) to the new U.S. administration has introduced an element of policy uncertainty, particularly around trade, inflation and the impact of economic growth. The possibility of further tariffs or fiscal tightening reinforces gold’s appeal as a form of protection.Key Point: Traders need to monitor not just existing conflicts, but also the market perception of risk. Gold often responds not to what is happening, but to what investors fear might happen.2. US V China – trade war brewing?Tariff dramas have been the major market chatter and sentiment changer over the last few weeks. On top of general broad international tariffs, and to pause or not to pause decisions, the major attention is, and likely to continue to be, the escalation of tariffs between the U.S. and China has pushed inflation expectations higher. While inflation has generally cooled since its 2022–2023 peaks, cost-push factors such as tariffs can reintroduce price pressures, particularly on imports.Central banks globally are including tariffs within a rate decision narrative, but no central bank is more in focus, of course, than the Federal Reserve. In Trump's last presidency, the current Fed chairman Jerome Powell came under fire for rate policy, and already, it was noteworthy that the current president aimed a shot at him once again. The market is aware that inflationary shocks are not off the table once tariff impact starts to bite at importer costs in the US, and the “priced in” rate cut that is likely to occur in June is still some time away, and the certainty that this may happen may start to waver. Gold has historically performed well when real yields (interest rates adjusted for inflation) fall or remain negative.Key Point: Watch CPI data closely. If inflation expectations start to climb again due to trade-related costs, gold may continue to benefit.3. U.S. Dollar WeaknessThe U.S. dollar index (DXY) has declined to multi-year lows, making gold more attractive to non-U.S. investors. This is a classic inverse relationship — as the dollar falls, gold often rises.A weaker dollar could potentially indicating that the market could be pricing in a more dovish Federal Reserve, with rate cuts potentially on the table later in the year, However, more likely in this case, the dramatic drop in the USD, which this week hit 3 year lows, is more likely due to concerns about growth and even the perceived chance of recession.At the time of writing, the earnings season is ramping up, and despite Q1 results so far being relatively positive, we are already seeing concerns expressed (as is often the case with uncertainty) relating to forward guidance. This, of course, plays into the slowdown narrative. This week's PMI data feels as though it may have even more importance than usual.Key Point: Gold traders should always include USD direction in their macro framework. It often amplifies or suppresses broader trends in the metal.4. Central Bank and Institutional DemandAnother major support for gold is the persistent demand from central banks, particularly in emerging markets such as China and Turkey. These institutions are increasingly shifting reserves into gold as part of long-term diversification away from USD assets.Evidence suggests ETF flows have also picked up, showing increasing but not outrageous levels, suggesting the move is still institutional in nature rather than purely speculative.Key Point: As long as institutional and central bank demand remains steady or rising, gold has a structural reason to be supported underneath current price levels.What the Technical Picture Is Telling UsWhile fundamental drivers continue to support gold, the technical setup also tells an important story — one that can help traders decide whether to stay in, take partial profits, or prepare for tactical re-entries after any price pullback. Let’s explore the technical picture in a bit more detail.
Gold’s Long-Term Trend Structure Remains Intact
Gold has been making a consistent series of higher highs and higher lows since mid-2023. This trend has been confirmed across multiple timeframes, including the daily and weekly charts — an important feature for position traders.Currently, price is well above both the 50-day and 200-day exponential moving averages (EMA), which have now turned upward and widened — a classic sign of trend strength and directional bias. When prices pull back in strong trends, these EMAs often serve as dynamic support levels.
Momentum: The weekly RSI is elevated (above 75), which suggests gold may be in overbought territory in the short term.
What About RSI Being Overbought?One of the most common misunderstandings among newer traders is how to interpret an elevated RSI (Relative Strength Index), particularly when it crosses above the traditional 70 level.RSI above 70 does not automatically mean 'sell' — especially in strong trends, so this merits a little further discussion.Here’s why a high RSI may not be a problem:
Context matters: In trending markets, RSI can remain elevated (above 70 or even 80) for extended periods without any meaningful pullback. This is often referred to as a 'momentum breakout' condition.
Confirmation from volume: If rising RSI is accompanied by increased volume, it suggests that momentum is being supported by participation, not exhaustion. Currently, weekly volume has expanded on breakout weeks, supporting the move.
New highs with RSI > 70 are actually bullish: A strong market making new highs and registering overbought readings usually reflects strength, not vulnerability — unless divergence begins to appear.
Key Point: Use RSI as a momentum gauge, not a reversal trigger in isolation. In this case, RSI supports the idea that gold is strong, not yet stretched to the point of reversal.
Next Targets: Many technical analysts are watching $3,500 and $3,650 as key psychological and Fibonacci extension levels. A sustained break above $3,400 would likely bring these into view.
Support Levels: If price retraces, $3,200 and $3,050 are likely areas where buyers may step back in, especially if the macro story remains intact.Key Point: Momentum remains strong, but even in trending markets, corrections are normal. Having a plan for where to re-engage is just as important as knowing when to stay out.
What Would a Healthy Pullback Look Like?
Even the strongest trends pause. If gold does retrace in the short term, the nature of the pullback is more important than whether it happens.Signs of a healthy pullback include:- Controlled decline in decreasing volume- Price respecting prior breakout zones — e.g., $3,250–$3,280- Holding dynamic support like the 20-day or 50-day EMA- Reversal candle patterns near support (e.g., hammer, bullish engulfing)Key Point: In strong markets, pullbacks are often shallow and short-lived. They can be opportunities to scale in, provided the structure remains intact.Sentiment and Positioning: Are Traders Too Bullish?It’s important not to get swept up in price action alone. The COT (Commitments of Traders) report can provide valuable insight into whether markets are approaching overly crowded levels.
Large Speculators have increased their net long positions, but not yet at levels seen in major historical peaks.
Retail traders have only recently started to increase exposure, which suggests the move is not fully mature.
ETF inflows, while rising, are still below the aggressive flows seen in 2020.Key Point: Current positioning suggests there may still be room to run, especially if new catalysts emerge. However, if positioning becomes too lopsided, be ready for faster and sharper corrections.
What Could Change the Narrative….Risks to Watch?Even with a strong bull case, traders must stay aware of what could derail gold’s momentum:Risk Event #1: Sudden USD reboundImpact on Gold: Could trigger a sharp pullbackRisk Event #2: Hawkish Fed surpriseImpact on Gold: Logically higher real yields = bearish gold due to USD impact – however, gold’s role as an inflation risk is likely to offset this.Risk Event #3: De-escalation of trade/geopolitical tensionsImpact on Gold: Safe-haven demand may soften if this is part of the reason for the current price rise. However, with other factors predominating price moves for right now, again, this may not be critical.Risk Event #4: Profit-taking and reversal in momentumImpact on Gold: Could create a short-term topKey Point: Risk doesn’t always mean reversal — but it does mean adjusting trade size, stops, and expectations when conditions change.Summary: Stay Informed, Stay DisciplinedGold’s rise in 2025 has been impressive, but it hasn’t been irrational. The macro backdrop, institutional support, and technical structure all support the trend.However, markets rarely move in straight lines, and traders should stay ready for both continuation and correction scenarios.Success is likely to lie in applying consistency in the management of profit and capital risks, as well as having a clear method to re-enter as appropriate. consistently while remaining adaptable to changing conditions.Traders should view the current gold move as a reflection of persistent macro themes and technical support rather than any sort of “bubble”. Whether you’re already long or waiting for a retracement, your decision-making should be rooted in having a clear and unambiguous trading plan and, of course, the discipline of follow-through in the actions you take.
Pasar bergerak ke minggu depan dengan data inflasi di Australia dan Jepang, di samping meningkatnya ketegangan geopolitik yang terus mempengaruhi harga energi dan sentimen risiko yang lebih luas.
Indeks Harga Konsumen Australia (IHK): Data inflasi dapat mempengaruhi Bank Cadangan Australia (RBA)) jalur kebijakan, dengan dolar Australia (AUD) dan imbal hasil lokal sensitif terhadap kejutan apa pun.
Cluster data Jepang: CPI Tokyo (awal) ditambah produksi industri dan penjualan ritel memberikan denyut inflasi dan aktivitas yang dapat membentuk ekspektasi normalisasi Bank of Japan (BoJ).
Zona Euro & Jerman CPI: Pembacaan inflasi kilat akan menguji narasi disinflasi dan mempengaruhi ekspektasi waktu pemotongan suku bunga ECB.
Minyak dan geopolitik: Minyak mentah Brent telah membukukan penutupan tertinggi sejak 8 Agustus 2025 di tengah ketegangan Timur Tengah yang diperbarui, memperkuat risiko inflasi yang didorong oleh energi.
CPI Australia: Ekspektasi RBA berubah?
Rilis IHK Australia yang akan datang akan diawasi ketat untuk sinyal apakah inflasi stabil atau terbukti lebih persisten dari yang diharapkan.
Pencetakan yang lebih kuat dari perkiraan dapat dikaitkan dengan hasil yang lebih tinggi dan AUD yang lebih kuat seiring dengan penyesuaian ekspektasi suku bunga. Hasil yang lebih lembut dapat mendukung harapan untuk sikap kebijakan yang lebih stabil.
Tanggal utama
Tingkat Inflasi (MoM): 11:30 pagi Rabu, 25 Februari (AEDT)
Rilis akhir pekan Jepang menggabungkan CPI Tokyo (awal) dengan produksi industri dan penjualan ritel, menawarkan pembacaan yang lebih luas tentang tekanan harga dan permintaan domestik.
CPI Tokyo sering dipandang sebagai sinyal tepat waktu untuk dinamika inflasi nasional dan debat BoJ. Output industri dan pengeluaran ritel menambah konteks aktivitas.
Kejutan di seluruh cluster ini dapat mendorong pergerakan tajam dalam JPY, terutama jika hasilnya mengubah persepsi seputar kecepatan dan persistensi normalisasi BoJ.
Tanggal utama
CPI Tokyo: 10:30 pagi Jumat, 27 Februari (AEDT)
Produksi Industri: 10:50 pagi Jumat, 27 Februari (AEDT)
Penjualan Eceran: 10:50 pagi Jumat, 27 Februari (AEDT)
Memantau
Sensitivitas JPY terhadap kejutan inflasi
Imbal hasil obligasi bergerak sebagai respons terhadap data aktivitas
Reaksi ekuitas jika ekspektasi momentum pertumbuhan bergeser
Aliran energi dan safe-haven
Harga minyak telah naik ke penutupan tertinggi sejak 8 Agustus 2025 di tengah ketegangan Timur Tengah yang baru.
Laporan terbaru tentang aktivitas militer regional yang meningkat dan berita utama risiko pengiriman di dekat Selat Hormuz telah memperkuat keamanan energi sebagai fokus pasar. Selat Hormuz tetap menjadi titik penghalang yang diawasi secara luas untuk aliran energi global.
Harga minyak yang lebih tinggi dapat memberi makan ekspektasi inflasi dan mempengaruhi imbal hasil obligasi. Pada saat yang sama, ketidakpastian geopolitik dapat mendukung USD melalui permintaan safe-haven dan posisi suku bunga relatif.
Memantau
Tingkat harga minyak mentah Brent
Kekuatan USD versus mata uang utama
Pergerakan imbal hasil seiring penyesuaian premi risiko inflasi
Pembacaan inflasi kilat dari Jerman dan zona euro yang lebih luas (HICP) akan menguji apakah tren disinflasi kawasan itu tetap utuh.
Rilis Jerman dapat mempengaruhi ekspektasi menjelang angka agregat zona euro. Jika inflasi inti terbukti lengket, ekspektasi seputar waktu dan laju pelonggaran potensial Bank Sentral Eropa dapat berubah.
Tanggal utama
Jerman - Tingkat Inflasi: 00:00 Sabtu, 28 Februari (AEDT)
Dari pengganggu teknologi hingga kontraktor pertahanan, beberapa perusahaan yang paling banyak dibicarakan di pasar memulai perjalanan publik mereka melalui penawaran umum perdana (IPO). Bagi pedagang, daftar publik awal ini dapat mewakili lingkungan perdagangan yang unik, tetapi juga periode ketidakpastian yang meningkat.
Fakta singkat
IPO adalah ketika perusahaan swasta mendaftarkan sahamnya di bursa saham publik untuk pertama kalinya.
IPO dapat menawarkan pedagang akses awal ke perusahaan dengan pertumbuhan tinggi, tetapi datang dengan volatilitas yang tinggi dan riwayat harga yang terbatas.
Setelah terdaftar, pedagang dapat memperoleh eksposur terhadap saham IPO melalui pembelian saham langsung atau derivatif seperti kontrak untuk perbedaan (CFD).
Apa yang dimaksud dengan penawaran umum perdana (IPO)?
IPO adalah ketika perusahaan menawarkan sahamnya kepada publik untuk pertama kalinya.
Sebelum melakukan IPO, saham di perusahaan biasanya hanya dipegang oleh pendiri, karyawan awal, dan investor swasta. Going public membuat saham tersedia untuk dibeli oleh siapa saja.
Tergantung pada ukuran perusahaan, biasanya akan mendaftarkan saham publiknya di bursa saham lokal (misalnya, ASX di Australia). Namun, beberapa perusahaan valuasi besar memilih untuk hanya mendaftar di bursa saham global, seperti Nasdaq, di mana pun kantor pusat utama mereka berada.
Bagi pedagang, IPO umumnya merupakan kesempatan pertama untuk mendapatkan eksposur terhadap saham perusahaan. Mereka dapat menciptakan lingkungan yang unik dengan peningkatan volatilitas dan likuiditas, tetapi juga membawa risiko tinggi, mengingat sejarah harga yang terbatas dan sensitivitas terhadap perubahan sentimen.
Mengapa perusahaan go public?
Penggerak terbesar untuk melakukan IPO adalah mengakses lebih banyak modal. Pencatatan di bursa publik berarti perusahaan dapat mengumpulkan dana yang signifikan dengan menjual saham.
Ini juga menyediakan likuiditas bagi pemegang saham yang ada. Pendiri, karyawan awal, dan investor swasta sering menjual sebagian dari kepemilikan mereka yang ada di pasar terbuka, menyadari pengembalian atas dukungan mereka selama bertahun-tahun.
Di luar manfaat moneter, go public berarti perusahaan dapat menggunakan saham mereka sebagai mata uang untuk akuisisi dan menawarkan kompensasi berbasis ekuitas untuk menarik bakat. Dan penilaian publik memberikan patokan transparan, yang berguna untuk penentuan posisi strategis dan penggalangan dana di masa depan.
Namun, itu datang dengan pertukaran. Perusahaan publik harus mematuhi kewajiban pengungkapan dan pelaporan yang berkelanjutan, dan tekanan dari pemegang saham publik dapat menjadi penghalang bagi kemajuan jangka panjang jika banyak yang berfokus pada kinerja jangka pendek.
Sementara spesifikasinya bervariasi menurut yurisdiksi, beralih dari perusahaan swasta ke listing publik umumnya melibatkan tahapan berikut:
1. Persiapan
Perusahaan pertama-tama memilih penjamin emisi (biasanya bank investasi) untuk mengelola penawaran. Bersama-sama, mereka menilai keuangan perusahaan, struktur perusahaan, dan posisi pasar untuk menentukan pendekatan terbaik untuk go public. Ini adalah tahap perencanaan yang berat untuk memastikan perusahaan benar-benar siap untuk go public.
2. Pendaftaran
Setelah semuanya disiapkan, penjamin emisi melakukan pemeriksaan uji tuntas menyeluruh dan kemudian mengajukan dokumen pengungkapan yang diperlukan kepada regulator terkait. Dokumen-dokumen ini memberikan pengungkapan rinci kepada regulator tentang perusahaan, manajemennya, dan penawaran yang diusulkan. Di Australia, ini biasanya merupakan prospektus yang diajukan ke ASIC; di AS, pernyataan pendaftaran diajukan ke SEC.
3. Roadshow
Eksekutif di perusahaan dan penjamin emisi kemudian akan mempresentasikan kasus investasi kepada investor institusi dan analis pasar dalam “roadshow”. Showcase ini dirancang untuk mengukur permintaan saham dan membantu menghasilkan minat. Investor institusional dapat mendaftarkan minat dan penilaian IPO mereka, yang membantu menginformasikan harga awal.
4. Harga
Berdasarkan umpan balik dari roadshow dan kondisi pasar saat ini, penjamin emisi menetapkan harga saham akhir dan menentukan jumlah saham yang akan diterbitkan. Saham dialokasikan di 'pasar primer' untuk investor yang berpartisipasi dalam penawaran (sebelum saham terdaftar secara publik di pasar sekunder). Proses ini menetapkan harga pra-pasar, yang secara efektif menentukan penilaian publik awal perusahaan.
5. Daftar
Pada hari pencatatan, saham perusahaan mulai diperdagangkan di bursa saham yang dipilih, secara resmi membuka pasar sekunder. Bagi sebagian besar pedagang, ini adalah titik pertama di mana mereka dapat memperdagangkan saham, baik secara langsung atau melalui derivatif seperti CFD Saham.
6. Pasca IPO
Setelah terdaftar, perusahaan menjadi tunduk pada persyaratan pelaporan dan pengungkapan yang ketat. Ini harus berkomunikasi secara teratur dengan pemegang saham, mempublikasikan hasil keuangannya, dan mematuhi standar tata kelola bursa tempat ia terdaftar.
Risiko dan manfaat IPO bagi pedagang
Bagaimana trader berpartisipasi dalam IPO?
Bagi sebagian besar pedagang, berpartisipasi dalam IPO datang setelah saham terdaftar dan mulai diperdagangkan di pasar sekunder.
Setelah saham ditayangkan di bursa, investor dapat membeli saham fisik secara langsung melalui broker atau pertukaran online, atau mereka dapat menggunakan derivatif seperti CFD Saham untuk mengambil posisi pada harga tanpa memiliki aset yang mendasarinya.
Beberapa hari pertama perdagangan IPO cenderung sangat fluktuatif. Pedagang harus memastikan mereka telah mengambil langkah-langkah manajemen risiko yang tepat untuk membantu melindungi terhadap potensi perubahan harga yang tajam.
Intinya
IPO menandai ketika perusahaan dapat diinvestasikan ke publik. Mereka dapat menawarkan akses awal ke perusahaan dengan pertumbuhan tinggi dan menciptakan lingkungan perdagangan unik yang didorong oleh peningkatan volatilitas dan minat pasar.
Bagi pedagang, memahami bagaimana proses bekerja, apa yang mendorong harga dan kinerja pasca-IPO, dan bagaimana menimbang potensi imbalan terhadap risiko perdagangan saham yang baru terdaftar sangat penting sebelum mengambil posisi.
2026 tidak memberi investor banyak ruang bernafas. Tampaknya pasar mungkin sebagian besar telah melewati gagasan bahwa penurunan suku bunga sudah dekat dan memasuki tahun di mana inflasi mungkin terbukti lebih sulit dikendalikan daripada yang diperkirakan banyak orang.
Inflasi barang telah meningkat, sementara inflasi jasa tetap relatif lengket karena tekanan biaya tenaga kerja yang sedang berlangsung. Biaya perumahan, terutama sewa, juga tetap menjadi sumber utama tekanan inflasi.
RBA berusaha untuk tetap kredibel terhadap inflasi tanpa mendorong ekonomi terlalu jauh ke arah lain.
Data kunci
CPI masih ada 3,8 persen (di atas target), upah masih naik sekitar 0,8 persen selama kuartal, dan pengangguran ada di sekitar 4,1 persen.
Berdasarkan harga yang tersirat di pasar, kenaikan suku bunga tidak diharapkan segera, sehingga cara RBA menjelaskan keputusannya dapat menjadi masalah hampir sama pentingnya dengan keputusan itu sendiri. Jika nada menggeser ekspektasi, ekspektasi tersebut dapat menggerakkan pasar.
Apa yang dicakup buku pedoman ini
Ini adalah pedoman untuk minggu-minggu berat RBA di tahun 2026. Ini mencakup apa yang harus diperhatikan di seluruh sektor, mencantumkan pemicu utama, dan menjelaskan indikator mana yang dapat mengubah sentimen.
1. Bank dan keuangan: bagaimana keputusan RBA mengalir ke pemberi pinjaman dan peminjam
Bank adalah tempat RBA muncul tercepat dalam ekonomi Australia. Suku bunga dapat memukul peminjam dengan cepat dan dimasukkan ke dalam biaya pendanaan dan sentimen.
Dalam fase yang lebih ketat, margin dapat meningkat pada awalnya, tetapi itu dapat berubah jika biaya pendanaan naik lebih cepat, atau jika kualitas kredit mulai melemah. Keseimbangan antara kekuatan-kekuatan itu adalah yang paling penting.
Jika bank naik ke minggu keputusan RBA, itu mungkin berarti pasar berpikir lebih tinggi untuk mendukung pendapatan yang lebih lama. Jika mereka menjual, itu mungkin berarti pasar berpikir lebih tinggi untuk lebih lama merugikan peminjam. Anda bisa mendapatkan dua bacaan berbeda dari judul yang sama.
Apa yang harus ditonton
Bentuk kurva hasil: Kurva yang lebih curam dapat membantu margin, sedangkan kurva terbalik dapat menandakan tekanan pertumbuhan.
Kompetisi deposit: Ini dapat dengan tenang menekan margin bahkan ketika tarif utama terlihat mendukung.
Kata-kata RBA tentang stabilitas keuangan, penyangga rumah tangga, dan ketahanan. Ungkapan kecil dapat menggeser cerita risiko.
Pemicu potensial
Jika RBA terdengar lebih hawkish dari yang diharapkan, bank mungkin bereaksi lebih awal karena pasar menilai kembali pertumbuhan dan ekspektasi risiko kredit. Langkah pertama terkadang dapat mengatur nada untuk sesi.
Risiko utama
Biaya pendanaan meningkat lebih cepat dari hasil pinjaman: Bisa menunjuk pada tekanan margin.
Pengetatan yang jelas dalam kondisi kredit: Meningkatnya tunggakan atau tekanan refinancing dapat mengubah narasi dengan cepat.
Keuangan adalah sektor terbesar dalam indeks S & P/ASX 200 S&P Global
2. Diskresioner konsumen dan ritel: di mana tingkat yang lebih tinggi mempengaruhi pengeluaran rumah tangga
Ketika kebijakan ketat, diskresioner konsumen menjadi ujian langsung ketahanan rumah tangga. Di sinilah biaya sehari-hari yang lebih tinggi sering muncul paling cepat.
Panggilan besar tentang konsumen dapat terlihat jelas sampai data berhenti mencadangkannya. Ketika itu terjadi, narasi dapat bergeser dengan cepat.
Apa yang harus ditonton
Upah versus inflasi: Pendapatan nyata mendorong atau menyeret.
Sinyal persalinan awal: Jam kerja bisa melunak sebelum pengangguran meningkat.
Pelaporan petunjuk musim: Diskon, biaya pass-through, dan tekanan margin dapat menunjukkan seberapa tertegang permintaan sebenarnya.
Pemicu potensial
Jika nada dari RBA lebih hawkish dari yang diharapkan, sektor ini mungkin sensitif terhadap ekspektasi suku bunga. Setiap pergerakan awal mungkin tidak bertahan, dan aksi harga selanjutnya dapat bergantung pada data dan posisi yang masuk
Risiko utama
Pergantian cepat di pasar tenaga kerja.
Guncangan biaya hidup baru, terutama energi atau perumahan, yang menghantam pengeluaran dengan cepat.
3. Sumber daya: apa yang harus diperhatikan ketika tarif, geopolitik, dan kebijakan bergeser
Sumber daya dapat bertindak sebagai bacaan tentang pertumbuhan global, tetapi pergerakan mata uang dan nada bank sentral dapat mengubah bagaimana cerita itu mendarat di Australia.
Pada tahun 2026, tarif dan geopolitik juga dapat menciptakan pergerakan utama yang lebih tajam dari biasanya, sehingga risiko kesenjangan dapat berada di atas siklus normal.
RBA masih penting melalui dua saluran: dolar Australia dan selera risiko secara keseluruhan. Keduanya dapat harga kembali sektor ini dengan cepat, bahkan ketika harga komoditas belum banyak bergerak.
Apa yang harus ditonton
Denyut nadi pertumbuhan global: Ekspektasi permintaan industri dan sinyal terkait China.
Dolar Australia: Langkah pasca-keputusan dapat menjadi pendorong kedua bagi sektor ini.
Kepemimpinan sektor: Bagaimana perdagangan sumber daya versus pasar yang lebih luas dapat menandakan rezim saat ini.
Pemicu potensial
Jika nada RBA berubah lebih ketat sementara pertumbuhan global tetap stabil, sumber daya mungkin bertahan lebih baik daripada bagian pasar lainnya. Arus kas yang kuat bisa lebih penting, dan sudut aset riil dapat menarik pembeli.
Risiko utama
Dalam peristiwa stres nyata, korelasi dapat melonjak, dan posisi defensif bisa gagal.
Jika kebijakan mengencang menjadi ketakutan pertumbuhan, siklus dapat mengambil alih, dan sektor ini dapat memudar dengan cepat.
Material (sumber daya) telah mengungguli sektor ASX lainnya YoY | Indeks Pasar
4. Pertahanan, bahan pokok, dan perawatan kesehatan berkualitas
Defensif dimaksudkan untuk menjadi sudut pasar yang lebih tenang ketika segala sesuatu terasa berantakan. Pada tahun 2026, mereka masih memiliki satu kelemahan besar: suku bunga diskon.
Pertahanan berkualitas dapat menarik arus masuk ketika pertumbuhan terlihat goyah, tetapi beberapa saham pertumbuhan defensif masih diperdagangkan seperti aset jangka panjang. Mereka dapat terkena ketika imbal hasil naik, bahkan jika bisnis terlihat solid. Itu berarti pendapatan mungkin stabil sementara valuasi masih bergerak.
Apa yang harus ditonton
Kekuatan relatif: Bagaimana kinerja pertahanan selama minggu-minggu RBA versus pasar yang lebih luas.
Bahasa bimbingan: Komentar tentang tekanan biaya, kekuatan harga, dan apakah volume bertahan.
Perilaku hasil: Meningkatnya hasil dapat mengalahkan tawaran berkualitas dan mendorong kelipatan ke bawah.
Pemicu potensial
Jika RBA terdengar seperti hawkish dan siklus mulai goyah, pertahanan dapat menarik arus masuk relatif, tetapi itu dapat bergantung pada hasil yang tetap terkendali. Jika imbal hasil meningkat tajam, pertahanan jangka panjang masih bisa menurunkan laju.
Risiko utama
Inflasi biaya yang menekan margin dan melemahkan cerita defensif.
Layanan kesehatan berkinerja buruk vs S&P/ASX 200 sejak akhir pandemi | Indeks Pasar
5. Aset keras, emas, dan ekuitas emas
Pada tahun 2026, aset keras mungkin kurang tentang kisah lindung nilai inflasi sederhana dan lebih banyak tentang risiko ekor dan ketidakpastian kebijakan.
Ketika kepercayaan melemah, aset keras sering mendapat lebih banyak perhatian. Mereka tidak didorong oleh satu faktor, dan emas masih bisa jatuh jika pendorong utama menentangnya.
Apa yang harus ditonton
Arah hasil nyata: Membentuk biaya peluang memegang emas.
Arah dolar AS: Saluran harga utama untuk emas.
Ekuitas emas versus emas spot: Penambang menambahkan leverage operasi, dan mereka juga menambah risiko biaya.
Pemicu potensial
Jika pasar mulai mempertanyakan kontrol inflasi atau kredibilitas kebijakan, narasi aset keras dapat menguat. Jika RBA tetap membatasi sementara disinflasi berlanjut, emas dapat kehilangan urgensi, dan uang dapat berputar ke perdagangan lain.
Risiko utama
Imbal hasil riil meningkat secara signifikan, yang dapat menekan emas.
Kerumunan dan posisi melepas angin yang dapat menyebabkan kemunduran tajam.
Grafik S&P/ASX Semua Emas Biasa vs Emas Spot (XAUUSD) 5Y | TradingView
6. Pipa pasar, FX, volatilitas suku bunga, dan dispersi
Dalam beberapa minggu RBA, langkah pertama muncul dalam suku bunga dan dolar Australia, dan ekuitas mengikuti kemudian melalui rotasi sektor daripada pergerakan indeks bersih.
Ketika panduan bergeser, RBA dapat mengubah cara pasar bergerak bersama. Anda dapat berakhir dengan indeks datar sementara sektor berayun keras ke arah yang berlawanan.
Apa yang harus ditonton
Tarif front-end: Kecepatan harga ulang tepat setelah keputusan dapat mengungkapkan kejutan yang sebenarnya.
Reaksi AUD: Arah dan tindak lanjut sering membentuk langkah berikutnya dalam ekuitas dan sumber daya.
Volatilitas tersirat versus realisasi: Dapat menunjukkan apakah pasar membayar terlalu banyak atau terlalu sedikit untuk acara tersebut.
Opsi miring: Dapat mencerminkan permintaan untuk perlindungan penurunan versus pengejaran naik.
Perilaku rekaman awal: 5 hingga 15 menit pertama bisa berantakan dan bisa berarti mundur.
Pemicu potensial
Jika keputusan diharapkan tetapi pernyataannya condong ke arah hawkish, bagian depan mungkin dihargai ulang terlebih dahulu, dan AUD dapat bergerak bersamanya. Volatilitas yang direalisasikan masih bisa melonjak bahkan jika indeks hampir tidak bergerak, karena pasar menulis ulang jalur dan memutar posisi di bawah permukaan.
Risiko utama
Kejutan sejati yang membanjiri opsi apa yang tersirat dan menciptakan gerakan celah.
Judul makro yang bersaing yang mendominasi rekaman dan menenggelamkan sinyal RBA.
Likuiditas tipis yang menciptakan sinyal palsu, gesekan, dan eksekusi yang lebih buruk daripada yang diasumsikan model.
Suku bunga Australia dan volatilitas nilai tukar 1970-2020 | RBA
7. Keranjang tema
Keranjang tema dapat memungkinkan pedagang mengekspresikan rezim makro sambil mengurangi risiko nama tunggal. Mereka juga memperkenalkan risiko mereka sendiri, terutama di sekitar peristiwa.
Apa yang harus ditonton
Apa yang dimiliki keranjang: Metodologi, aturan keseimbangan ulang, konsentrasi tersembunyi.
Likuiditas dan spread: Terutama di sekitar jendela acara.
Pelacakan versus narasi: Apakah “tema” berperilaku seperti driver makro.
Pemicu potensial
Jika bahasa RBA memperkuat rezim “membatasi dan tidak pasti”, keranjang tema yang terkait dengan nilai, kualitas, atau aset keras dapat menarik perhatian, terutama jika indeks luas menjadi berombak.
Risiko utama
Pembalikan tema saat ekspektasi makro bergeser.
Risiko likuiditas di sekitar jendela peristiwa, di mana spread dapat melebar secara material.
Inti dari pedoman ini bukanlah untuk memprediksi judul yang tepat; ini untuk mengetahui di mana efek orde kedua biasanya mendarat, dan untuk menyiapkan daftar periksa singkat sebelum keputusan tiba.
Menjaga pemicu dan risiko ini dalam pandangan dapat membantu beberapa pedagang menyusun pemantauan mereka di sekitar keputusan RBA sepanjang tahun 2026.
pertanyaan umum
Mengapa “nada” sangat penting pada tahun 2026?
Karena pasar sering melakukan pra-harga keputusan. Informasi tambahan adalah panduan tentang apakah RBA terdengar nyaman, prihatin, atau terbuka untuk bergerak lagi.
Apa yang paling cepat diceritakan tepat setelah keputusan?
Beberapa pedagang melihat suku bunga front-end, AUD, dan kepemimpinan sektor sebagai indikator awal, tetapi sinyal ini dapat berisik dan dipengaruhi oleh posisi dan likuiditas.
Mengapa REIT disebut perdagangan durasi?
Karena sebagian besar penilaian mereka dapat sensitif terhadap suku bunga diskonto dan biaya pendanaan. Ketika imbal hasil bergerak, valuasi dapat dihargai kembali dengan cepat.
Apakah pertahanan selalu lebih aman di sekitar RBA?
Tidak selalu. Jika imbal hasil melonjak, pertahanan durasi panjang masih dapat dihargai lebih rendah bahkan dengan pendapatan yang stabil.
Mengapa aset keras terus muncul di narasi 2026?
Karena mereka dapat bertindak sebagai lindung nilai ketika kepercayaan pada kredibilitas kebijakan goyah, tetapi mereka juga membawa risiko kepadatan dan hasil nyata.
