Following the previous Bitcoin analysis ( https://www.gomarkets.com/au/articles/economic-updates/bitcoin-usd-technical-analysis/ ), bitcoin continues to break below pattern after pattern, recently breaking out and re-testing a descending flag pattern on a 4h time frame as seen below: With the next major support sitting around $17,619, it won’t be a surprise if bitcoin comes down to that area. Looking at the correlation between Bitcoin and Ethereum, the last 7 days of price action shows a correlation of.89, which is a positive value that indicates a positive correlation between the two. A positive correlation means that the two moves very similar to one another. [caption id="attachment_273298" align="alignnone" width="602"] (https://cryptowat.ch/correlations)[/caption] [caption id="attachment_273299" align="alignnone" width="527"] (https://cryptowat.ch/correlations)[/caption] For ETHUSD (Ethereum), making similar patterns to BTCUSD, has also recently broken out of a descending flag pattern, signalling a probable continuation of the 4h downtrend, there is a high probability of ETHUSD reaching the next major support around $1012.
More downside for major cryptos?

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The “Magnificent Seven” technology companies are expected to invest a combined $385 billion into AI by the end of 2025.Each of the Seven is trying to carve out its own territory in the AI landscape.Microsoft is positioning itself as the platform leader. Nvidia dominates the underlying AI infra. Google leads in research. Meta is building open-source tech. Amazon – AI agents. Apple — on-device integration. And Tesla pioneering autonomous vehicles and robots.But with these enormous sums pouring into AI, is this a winner-take-all game? Or will each of the Mag Seven be able to thrive in the AI future?[caption id="attachment_712288" align="aligncenter" width="554"]

The “Big 4” tech companies' AI spending alone is forecast at $364 billion.[/caption]
Microsoft: The AI Everywhere Strategy
Microsoft has made one of the biggest bets on AI out of the Mag Seven — adopting the philosophy that AI should be everywhere.Through its deep partnership with OpenAI, of which it is a 49% shareholder, the company has integrated GPT-5 across its entire ecosystem.Key initiatives:
- GPT-5 integration across consumer, enterprise, and developer tools through Microsoft 365 Copilot, GitHub Copilot, and Azure AI Foundry
- Azure AI Foundry for unified AI development platform with model router technology
- Copilot ecosystem spanning productivity, coding, and enterprise applications with real-time model selection
- $100 billion projected AI infrastructure spending for 2025
Microsoft’s centerpiece is Copilot, which can now detect whether a prompt requires advanced reasoning and route to GPT-5's deeper reasoning model. This (theoretically) means high-quality AI outputs become invisible infrastructure rather than a skill users need to learn.However, this all-in bet on OpenAI does come with some risks. It is putting all its eggs in OpenAI's basket, tying its future success to a single partnership.[caption id="attachment_712289" align="aligncenter" width="530"]

Elon Musk warned that "OpenAI is going to eat Microsoft alive"[/caption]
Google: The Research Strategy
Google’s approach is to fund research to build the most intelligent models possible. This research-first strategy creates a pipeline from scientific discovery to commercial products — what it hopes will give it an edge in the AI race.Key initiatives:
- Over 4 million developers building with Gemini 2.5 Pro and Flash
- Ironwood TPU offering 3,600 times better performance compared to Google’s first TPU
- AI search overviews reaching 2 billion monthly users across Google Search
- DeepMind breakthroughs: AlphaEvolve for algorithm discovery, Aeneas for ancient text interpretation, AlphaQubit for quantum error detection, and AI co-scientist systems
Google’s AI research branch, DeepMind, brings together two of the world's leading AI research labs — Google Brain and DeepMind — the former having invented the Transformer architecture that underpins almost all modern large language models. The bet is that breakthrough research in areas like quantum computing, protein folding, and mathematical reasoning will translate into a competitive advantage for Google.
Today, we're introducing AlphaEarth Foundations from @GoogleDeepMind , an AI model that functions like a virtual satellite which helps scientists make informed decisions on critical issues like food security, deforestation, and water resources. AlphaEarth Foundations provides a… pic.twitter.com/L1rk2Z5DKk
— Google AI (@GoogleAI) July 30, 2025
Meta: The Open Source Strategy
Meta has made a somewhat contrarian bet in its approach to AI: giving away their tech for free. The company's Llama 4 models, including recently released Scout and Maverick, are the first natively multi-modal open-weight models available.Key initiatives:
- Llama 4 Scout and Maverick - first open-weight natively multi-modal models
- AI Studio that enables the creation of hundreds of thousands of AI characters
- $65-72 billion projected AI infrastructure spending for 2025
This open-source strategy directly challenges the closed-source big players like GPT and Claude. By making AI models freely available, Meta is essentially commoditizing what competitors are trying to monetize. Meta's bet is that if AI models become commoditized, the real value will be in the infrastructure that sits on top. Meta's social platforms and massive user base give it a natural advantage if this eventuates.Meta's recent quarter was also "the best example to date of AI having a tangible impact on revenue and earnings growth at scale," according to tech analyst Gene Munster. [caption id="attachment_712301" align="aligncenter" width="996"]

H1 relative performance of the Magnificent Seven stocks. Source: KoyFin, Finimize[/caption]However, it hasn’t been all smooth sailing for Meta. Their most anticipated release, Llama Behemoth, has all but been scrapped due to performance issues. And Meta is now rumored to be developing a closed-source Behemoth alternative, despite their open-source mantra.
Amazon: The AI Agent Strategy
Amazon’s strategy is to build the infrastructure for AI that can take actions — booking meetings, processing orders, managing workflows, and integrating with enterprise systems. Rather than building the best AI model, Amazon has focused its efforts on becoming the platform where all AI models live.Key initiatives:
- Amazon Bedrock offering 100+ foundation models from leading AI companies, including OpenAI models.
- $100 million additional investment in AWS Generative AI Innovation Center for agentic AI development
- Amazon Bedrock AgentCore enabling deployment and scaling of AI agents with enterprise-grade security
- $118 billion projected AI infrastructure spending for 2025
The goal is to become the “orchestrator” that lets companies mix and match the best models for different tasks. Amazon’s AgentCore will provide the underlying memory management, identity controls, and tool integration needed for these companies to deploy AI agents safely at scale.This approach offers flexibility, but does carry some risks. Amazon is essentially positioning itself as the middleman for AI. If AI models become commoditized or if companies prefer direct relationships with AI providers, Amazon's systems could become redundant.
Nvidia: The Infra Strategy
Nvidia is the one selling the shovels for the AI gold rush. While others in the Mag Seven battle to build the best AI models and applications, Nvidia provides the fundamental computing infrastructure that makes all their efforts possible. This hardware-first strategy means Nvidia wins regardless of which company ultimately dominates. As AI advances and models get larger, demand for Nvidia's chips only increases.Key initiatives:
- Blackwell architecture achieving $11 billion in Q2 2025 revenue, the fastest product ramp in company history
- New chip roadmap: Blackwell Ultra (H2 2025), Vera Rubin (H2 2026), Rubin Ultra (H2 2027)
- Data center revenue reaching $35.6 billion in Q2, representing 91% of total company sales
- Manufacturing scale-up with 350 plants producing 1.5 million components for Blackwell chips
With an announced product roadmap of Blackwell Ultra (2025), Vera Rubin (2026), and Rubin Ultra (2027), Nvidia has created a system where the AI industry must continuously upgrade to Nvidia’s newest tech to stay competitive.This also means that Nvidia, unlike the others in the Mag Seven, has almost no direct AI spending — it is the one selling, not buying.However, Nvidia is not indestructible. The company recently halted its H20 chip production after the Chinese government effectively blocked the chip, which was intended as a workaround to U.S. export controls.

Apple: The On-Device Strategy
Apple's AI strategy is focused on privacy, integration, and user experience. Apple Intelligence, the AI system built into iOS, uses on-device processing and Private Cloud Compute to help ensure user data is protected when using AI.Key initiatives:
- Apple Intelligence with multi-model on-device processing and Private Cloud Compute
- Enhanced Siri with natural language understanding and ChatGPT integration for complex queries
- Direct developer access to on-device foundation models, enabling offline AI capabilities
- $10-11 billion projected AI infrastructure spending for 2025
The drawback of this on-device approach is that it requires powerful hardware from the user's end. Apple Intelligence can only run on devices with a minimum of 8GB RAM, creating a powerful upgrade cycle for Apple but excluding many existing users.
Tesla: The Robo Strategy
Tesla's AI strategy focuses on two moonshot applications: Full Self-Driving vehicles and humanoid robots.This is the 'AI in the physical world' play. While others in the Mag Seven are focused on the digital side of AI, Tesla is building machines that use AI for physical operations.[caption id="attachment_712292" align="aligncenter" width="537"]

Tesla’s Optimus robot replicating human tasks[/caption]Key initiatives:
- Plans for 5,000-10,000 Optimus robots in 2025, scaling to 50,000 in 2026
- Robotaxi service targeting availability to half the U.S. population by EOY 2025
- AI6 chip development with Samsung for unified training across vehicles, robots, and data centers
- $5 billion projected AI infrastructure spending for 2025
This play is exponentially harder to develop than digital AI, and the markets have reflected low confidence that Tesla can pull it off. TSLA has been the worst-performing Mag Seven stock of 2025, down 18.37% in H1 2025.However, if Tesla’s strategy is successful, it could be far more valuable than other AI plays. Robots and autonomous vehicles could perform actual labor worth trillions of dollars annually.
The $385 billion Question
The Mag Seven are starting to see real revenue come in from their AI investments. But they're pouring that money (and more) back into AI, betting that the boom is just getting started.The platform players like Microsoft and Amazon are betting on becoming essential infrastructure. Nvidia’s play is to sell the underlying hardware to everyone. Google and Meta compete on capability and access. While Apple and Tesla target specific use cases.The $385 billion question is which of the Magnificent Seven has bet the right way? Or will a new player rise and usurp the long-standing tech giants altogether?You can access all Magnificent Seven stocks and thousands of other Share CFDs on GO Markets.

Over the past 3 months Nvidia has moved through ranges that some stocks don’t do in years, in some cases decades. Having lost over 35 per cent in the June to August sell off, it quickly bounced over 40 per cent in the preceding 20 days once it hit its August low as we build positions ahead of its results. These results delivered Nvidia style numbers with three figure growth on the sales, net profit and earnings lines but this did not appease the market, seeing it fall 22 per cent in a little over 8 days.
Which brings us to now – a new 16 per cent drive as Nivida reports it’s struggling to meet demands and that the AI revolution is translating faster than even it expected. This got us thinking – Where are we right “Now” in the AU players? Thus, it’s time to dive into the drivers for the Nvidia and Co.
AI players. Supersonic As mentioned, Nvidia’s results have been astonishing – and it still has time to do a US$50 billion buyback. It collected the award for becoming the world’s largest company in the shortest timeframe in the post-WWII era, think about that for one second – that’s faster than Amazon, Microsoft, Apple, Google, Shell, BP, ExxonMobil, TV players of the 60s and 70s.
So the question is how does it keep its speed and trajectory? Well that comes from what some are calling the ‘supersonic’ scalers. These are the players like Google, Amazon, Meta and Microsoft that are the users and providers of the AI revolution.
These are the players that have spent hundreds billions thus far on the third digital revolution. Let us once again put that into perspective, the amount of spending is (inflation adjusted) the same as what was spent during the 1960’s on mainframe computing and the 1990’s distribution of fibre-optics. So we have now seen that level of spending in AI the next step is ‘usage’ and that is the inflection point we find ourselves at.
Currently AI is mainly used to train foundational models and chatbots – which is fine but not long-term financially stable. It needs to move into things like productions – that is producing models for corporate clients that forecast, streamline and increase productivity. This is the ‘Grail’ This immediately raises the bigger question for now – can this Grail be achieved?
The Voices To answer that – let us present some arguments from some of AI’s largest “Voices” On the AI potential and the possibility of a profound and rapid technological revolution, Sam Altman, CEO of OpenAI, has claimed that AI represents the "biggest, best, and most important of all technology revolutions," and predicts that AI will become increasingly integrated into all aspects of life. This reflects a belief in AI's far-reaching influence over time. The never subtle McKinsey and Co. has projected that generative AI could eventually contribute up to $8 trillion to the global economy annually.
This figure underscores the massive economic potential of AI. The huge caveat: McKinsey's predictions are never real-world tested and inevitably fall flat in the market. This kind of money is what makes AI so attractive to players in Venture Capital.
For the VC watchers out there the one that is catching everyone’s attention is VC accelerator Y Combinator which is fully embracing the technology. Just to put Y Combinator into context, according to Jared Heyman’s Rebel Fund, if anyone had invested in every Y Combinator deal since 2005 (which would have been impossible just to let you know), the average annual return would have been 176%, even after accounting for dilution. Furthermore to the VC story - AI has accounted for over 40 per cent of new unicorns (startups valued at $1 billion or more) in the first half of 2024, and 60 per cent of the increase in VC-backed valuations.
So far in 2024, U.S. unicorn valuations have grown by $162 billion, largely driven by AI’s rapid expansion, according to Pitchbook data. So the Voices certainly believe it can be achieved. But is this a good thing?
The Good, the Bad and the Ugly AI is advancing at such a rapid pace that existing performance benchmarks, such as reading comprehension, image classification and advanced maths, are becoming outdated, necessitating the creation of new standards. This reflects the fast-moving nature of AI progress. For example, look at the success of AlphaFold, an AI-driven algorithm that accurately predicts protein structures.
Some see this as one of the most important achievements in AI’s short history and underscores AI’s transformative impact on science, particularly in fields like biology and healthcare. This is the Good. Then there is the 165-page paper titled "Situational Awareness" by Aschenbrenner which has predicted that by 2030, AI will achieve superintelligence and create a $1 trillion industry.
Also, a positive, but will consume 20 per cent of the U.S. power supply. These incredible predictions emphasise the enormous scale of AI and the impact it will have on industry, infrastructure and people. The latest Google study found that generative AI could significantly improve workforce productivity.
The study suggests that roughly 80 per cent of jobs could see at least 10 per cent of tasks completed twice as fast due to AI, which has implications for industries such as call centres, coding, and professional writing. This highlights AI's capacity to streamline tasks and enhance efficiency across various fields. However it also raises the massive concern around job security, job satisfaction and the socio-economic divide as the majority of those affected by AI ‘productivity’ are in mid to low scales.
Then we come to Elon Musk’s new AI startup, xAI, which raised $6 billion at a valuation of $24 billion this year. The company is planning to build the world’s largest supercomputer in Tennessee to support AI training and inference. This all sounds economically and financially exciting but it has a darker side.
These are the kinds of AI ventures that have seen ‘deep-fake’ creations. For example Musk himself shared a deep-fake video of Vice President Kamala Harris. This is the ugly side of AI and reflects the broader cultural and ethical issues surrounding AI-generated content.
Furthermore – we should always be forecasting both the good and the bad for investment opportunities. These issues are already attracting regulations and compliance responses. How impactful will these be?
And will it halt the AI driven share price appreciation? It is a very real and present issue. Where does this leave us?
The share price future of Nvidia and Co is clearly dependent on the longer-term achievement of the AI revolution. As shown, the supersonic players in technology and venture capital are betting big on AI, with predictions that it will reshape the global economy, industries, and even basic societal structures. However, there is still uncertainty about the exact timeline for these changes and how accurately the market is pricing in AI's potential.
The AI ecosystem is moving at breakneck speed, with new developments outpacing benchmarks and productivity gains reshaping jobs, but whether all these projections that range from trillion-dollar economies to superintelligence materialises remains to be seen. Thus – for now – Nvidia and Co’s recent roller-coaster trading looks set to continue.

So FY24 earnings are now done and from what we can see the results have been on the whole slightly better than expected. The catch is the numbers that we've seen for early FY25 which suggested any momentum we had from 2024 may be gone. So here are 8 things that caught our attention from the earnings season just completed.
Resilient Economy and Earnings Performance Resilience surprises remain: The Australian economy has shown remarkable resilience despite higher inflation and overall global pessimism. The resilience was reflected in the ASX 300, which closed the reporting season with a net earnings beat of 3 percentage points - a solid beat of the Street's consensus. This beat was primarily driven by better-than-expected margins, indicating that companies are effectively managing cost pressures through flexes in wages, inventories and nonessential costs.
The small guy is falling by wayside: However, the reporting outside of the ASX 300 paints a completely different picture. Over 53 per cent of firms missed estimates, size cost efficiencies and other methods larger firms can take were unable to be matched by their smaller counterparts. The fall in the ex-ASX 300 stocks was probably missed by most as it represents a small fraction of the ASX.
But nonetheless it's important to highlight as it's likely that what was seen in FY24 in small cap stocks will probably spread up into the larger market. Season on season slowdown is gaining momentum Smaller Beats what also caught our attention is the three-percentage point beat of this earnings season is 4 percentage points less than the beat in February which saw a seven-percentage point upside. That trend has been like this now for three consecutive halves and it's probable it will continue into the first half of FY25.
The current outlook from the reporting season is a slowing cycle, reducing the likelihood of positive economic surprises and earnings upgrades. Dividend Trends Going Oprah - Dividend Surprises: Reporting season ended with dividend surprises that were more aligned with earnings surprises, with a modest DPS (Dividends Per Share) beat of 2 percentage points. This marked a significant improvement from the initial weeks of the reporting season when conservative payout strategies led to more dividend misses.
The stronger dividends toward the end of the season signal some confidence in the future outlook despite conservative guidance. However, firms that did have banked franking credits or capital in the bank from previous periods they went Oprah and handed out ‘special dividends’ like confetti. While this was met with shareholder glee, it does also suggest that firms cannot see opportunity to deploy this capital in the current conditions.
That reenforces the views from point 2. Winners and Losers - Performance Growth Stocks Outperform: Growth stocks emerged as the clear winners of the reporting season, with a net beat of 30 percentage points. This performance was driven by strong margin surprises and the best free cash flow (FCF) surprise among any group.
However, there was a slight miss on sales, which was more than offset by higher margins. Sectors like Technology and Health were key contributors to the outperformance of Growth stocks. Stand out performers were the likes of SQ2, HUB, and TPW.
Globally-exposed Cyclicals Underperform: Global Cyclicals were the most disappointing, led by falling margins and sales misses. The earnings misses were attributed to slowing global growth and the rising Australian Dollar. Despite these challenges, Global Cyclicals did follow the dividend trend surprised to the upside.
Contrarian view might be to consider Global Cyclicals with the possibility the AUD begins to fade on RBA rate cuts in 2025. Mixed Results in Other Sectors: Resources: Ended the season with an equal number of beats and misses. Margins were slightly better than expected, and there was a positive cash flow surprise for some companies.
However, the sector faced significant downgrades, with FY25 earnings now expected to fall by 3.2 per cent. Industrials: Delivered growth with a nine per cent upside in EPS increases, although slightly below expectations. Defensives drove most of this growth, insurers however such as QBE, SUN, and HLI were drags.
Banks: Banks received net upgrades for FY25 earnings due to delayed rate cuts and lower-than-expected bad debts. However, earnings are still forecasted to fall by around 3 per cent in FY25. Defensives: Had a challenging reporting season, with net misses on margins.
Several major defensive stocks missed expectations and faced downgrades for FY25, which led to negative share price reactions. Future Gazing - Guidance and Earnings Outlook Vigilant Guidance has caused downgrades: As expected, many companies used the reporting season to reset earnings expectations. About 40 per cent in fact provided forecasts below consensus expectations, which in turn led to earnings downgrades for FY25 from the Street.
This cautious approach reflects the uncertainty in the economic environment and the potential for slower growth ahead, which was reflected in the FY24 numbers. Flat Earnings Forecast for FY25: The initial expectation of approximately 10 per cent earnings growth for FY25 has completely evaporated to just 0.1 per cent growth (yes, you read that correctly). This revision includes adjustments for the treatment of CDIs like NEM, which reduced earnings by 2.8 percentage point, and negative revisions in response to weaker-than-expected results, guidance, and lower commodity prices.
Resources were particularly impacted, with a 7.7 percentage point downgrade, leading to a forecasted earnings decline of 2.8 percent for the sector. Gazing into FY26: Early projections for FY26 suggest a 1.3 percent decline in earnings, driven by the expected declines in Resources and Banks due to net interest margins and commodity prices. However, Industrials are currently projected to deliver a 10.4 percent EPS growth, would argue this seems optimistic given the slowing economic cycle.
The Consensus Downgrades to 2025 Earnings: The consensus for ASX 300 earnings in 2025 was downgraded by 3 per cent during the reporting season. This reflects a broad range of negative revisions, with 23 percent of stocks facing downgrades. Biggest losers were sectors like Energy, Media, Utilities, Mining, Health, and Capital Goods all saw significant consensus downgrades, with Media particularly facing downgrades as budgets are slashed in half.
Flip side Tech, Telecom, Banks, and Financial Services, saw aggregate earnings upgrades. Notably, 78 percent of the banking sector received upgrades, reflecting some resilience in this group. Cash Flow and Margin Surprises Positive Cash Flow: Operating cash flow was a positive surprise, with 2 percentage point increase for Industrial and Resource stocks reporting cash flow at least 10 per cent above expectations.
The main drivers of this cash flow surprise were lower-than-expected tax and interest costs, along with positive EBITDA margin surprises. Capex: There were slightly more companies with higher-than-expected capex, but the impact on overall Free Cash Flow (FCF) was modest. Significant positive FCF surprises were seen in companies like TLS, QAN, and BHP, while WES, CSL, and WOW had negative surprises.
Final nuts and bolts Seasonal Downgrade Patterns: The peak in downgrades typically occurs during the full-year reporting season, so the significant downgrades seen in August are not necessarily a negative signal for the market. As the year progresses, the pace of downgrades may slow, and there could be some positive guidance surprises during the 2024 AGM season. However, with a slowing economic cycle, the likelihood of positive surprises is lower compared to 2023.
Overall, the reporting season highlighted the resilience of the Australian economy and the challenges facing certain sectors. While Growth stocks outperformed, the outlook for FY25 remains cautious with flat earnings growth and sector-specific headwinds. Investors will need to navigate a mixed landscape with potential opportunities in contrarian plays like Global Cyclicals, but also be mindful of the broader economic uncertainties.
Recent Articles

Artificial intelligence stocks have begun to waver slightly, experiencing a selloff period in the first week of this month. The Nasdaq has fallen approximately 2%, wiping out around $500 billion in market value from top technology companies.

Palantir Technologies dropped nearly 8% despite beating Wall Street estimates and issuing strong guidance, highlighting growing investor concerns about stretched valuations in the AI sector.
Nvidia shares also fell roughly 4%, while the broader selloff extended to Asian markets, which experienced some of their sharpest declines since April.
Wall Street executives, including Morgan Stanley CEO Ted Pick and Goldman Sachs CEO David Solomon, warned of potential 10-20% drawdowns in equity markets over the coming year.
And Michael Burry, famous for predicting the 2008 housing crisis, recently revealed his $1.1 billion bet against both Nvidia and Palantir, further pushing the narrative that the AI rally may be overextended.
As we near 2026, the sentiment around AI is seemingly starting to shift, with investors beginning to seek evidence of tangible returns on the massive investments flowing into AI, rather than simply betting on future potential.
However, despite the recent turbulence, many are simply characterising this pullback as "healthy" profit-taking rather than a fundamental reassessment of AI's value.
Supreme Court Raises Doubts About Trump’s Tariffs
The US Supreme Court heard arguments overnight on the legality of President Donald Trump's "liberation day" tariffs, with judges from both sides of the political spectrum expressing scepticism about the presidential authority being claimed.
Trump has relied on a 1970s-era emergency law, the International Emergency Economic Powers Act (IEEPA), to impose sweeping tariffs on goods imported into the US.
At the centre of the case are two core questions: whether the IEEPA authorises these sweeping tariffs, and if so, whether Trump’s implementation is constitutional.
Chief Justice John Roberts and Justice Amy Coney Barrett indicated they may be inclined to strike down or curb the majority of the tariffs, while Justice Brett Kavanaugh questioned why no president before Trump had used this authority.
Prediction markets saw the probability of the court upholding the tariffs drop from 40% to 25% after the hearing.

The US government has collected $151 billion from customs duties in the second half of 2025 alone, a nearly 300% increase over the same period in 2024.
Should the court rule against the tariffs, potential refunds could reach approximately $100 billion.
The court has not indicated a date on which it will issue its final ruling, though the Trump administration has requested an expedited decision.
Shutdown Becomes Longest in US History
The US government shutdown entered its 36th day today, officially becoming the longest in history. It surpasses the previous 35-day record set during Trump's first term from December 2018 to January 2019.
The Senate has failed 14 times to advance spending legislation, falling short of the 60-vote supermajority by five votes in the most recent vote.
So far, approximately 670,000 federal employees have been furloughed, and 730,000 are currently working without pay. Over 1.3 million active-duty military personnel and 750,000 National Guard and reserve personnel are also working unpaid.

SNAP food stamp benefits ran out of funding on November 1 — something 42 million Americans rely on weekly. However, the Trump administration has committed to partial payments to subsidise the benefits, though delivery could take several weeks.
Flight disruptions have affected 3.2 million passengers, with staffing shortages hitting more than half of the nation's 30 major airports. Nearly 80% of New York's air traffic controllers are absent.
From a market perspective, each week of shutdown reduces GDP by approximately 0.1%. The Congressional Budget Office estimates the total cost of the shutdown will be between $7 billion and $14 billion, with the higher figure assuming an eight-week duration.
Consumer spending could drop by $30 billion if the eight-week duration is reached, according to White House economists, with potential GDP impacts of up to 2 percentage points total.

You've been using a 30-pip trailing stop for as long as you can remember. It feels professional, manageable and relatively safe.
But during volatile sessions, you see your winners get stopped out prematurely, while low-volatility winners drift back and hit stops that are relatively too tight.
Same 30 pips, different market contexts, but inconsistent in the protection of profit and overall results.
The Fixed-Pip Fallacy?
Traders gravitate toward fixed pip trailing stops because they feel concrete and calculable. The approach is easy to execute, readily automated through platforms like MetaTrader, and aligns with how most people naturally think about profit and loss.
But this simplicity masks a fundamental problem.
A twenty-five pip move in EURUSD during the London open represents an entirely different market event than the same move during the Asian session. The context matters, yet the fixed-pip approach treats them identically.
This becomes even more problematic when you consider different currency pairs. GBPJPY might have an average true range of thirty pips on an hourly chart, while EURGBP shows only ten. The same trailing stop applied to both instruments ignores the reality that volatility varies dramatically across pairs.
Timeframe introduces yet another layer of complexity. Take AUDUSD as an example: a ten-pip move on a four-hour chart barely registers as meaningful price action, but on a five-minute chart it represents a significant swing. The fixed-pip method treats these scenarios as equivalent.
The natural response might be to use something more sophisticated, like an ATR multiple. This accounts for your chosen timeframe, the instrument's normal volatility, and even session differences. But it brings its own complications.
When do you measure the ATR? Do you use the value at entry, knowing it might be distorted by sessional effects? Or do you make it dynamic, which becomes far more complex to implement in practice?
Perhaps there's another way forward that doesn't rely on abstract measures of volatility but instead responds directly to the movement of price in relation to the trade you're actually in—accounting for your lot size and the profit you've already captured.
Maximum Give Back: The Percentage Approach
Instead of asking "how do I protect profit after fifty pips," ask "how do I protect profit after giving back a certain percentage of open gains."
Consider a maximum give-back threshold of 40%. When your trade is up one hundred pips, the trailing stop activates if price retraces forty pips from peak, locking in a minimum of sixty pips.
But when that same trade reaches two hundred fifty pips of profit, the stop adjusts, and now it activates at a one-hundred-pip pullback, securing at least one hundred fifty pips. The stop distance scales naturally with the magnitude of the win you're sitting on.
This creates a logical asymmetry that fixed pip approaches miss entirely. Small winners receive tighter protection. Big winners get room to breathe.
The approach adapts automatically to what the market is actually giving you in real time, without requiring you to predict anything in advance.
You don't need to maintain a reference table where EURUSD gets thirty pips and GBPJPY gets sixty. You don't need different standards for different instruments at all.
The same 40% logic works whether the average true range is high or low, whether volatility is expanding or contracting. It survives regime changes without requiring recalibration because it's responding to the trade itself rather than to abstract measures of what the instrument normally does.
The market tells you how much it's willing to move in your direction, and you protect that information proportionally. Nothing more complicated than that.
Key Parameters to Specify in Your System:
- Maximum Give Back Percent: 30-50% is typical, but is dependent on how much profit retracement you can tolerate.
- Minimum Profit to Activate: In dollar amount or an ATR multiple form entry. This prevents premature exits on tiny winners, e.g., if it has moved 5 pips at 40% that would mean you are only locking in a 3-pip profit.
- Update Frequency: Potentially every bar. More frequent, but there may be issues if there is a limited ability to look at the market (if using some sort of automation, this could be programmed).
Is Maximum Giveback Always the Optimum Trail?
As with many approaches, results can be highly dependent on underlying market conditions. It is important to be balanced.
The table below summarises some observations when maximum giveback has been used as part of automated exits.

The major difference isn’t likely to be an increased win rate. It is about keeping more of your runners during high-volatility price moves rather than donating them back to the market.
It may not always be the best approach, as different strategies often merit different exit approaches.
There are two obvious scenarios where fixed pips may still be worth consideration.
- Very short-term scalping (sub-20 pip targets)
- News trading, where you want instant hard stops
Integrating Maximum Giveback With Your System
You may have other complementary exit filters in place that you already use. Remember, the ideal is often a combination of exits, with whichever is triggered first.
There is no reason why this approach will not work well with approaches such as set stops, take profits and partial closes (where you simply use maximum Giveback in the remainder as well as time-based exits.
Final Thoughts
To use fixed-pip trailing stops irrespective of instrument pricing, volatility, timeframe, and sessional considerations is the trading equivalent of wearing the same jacket in summer and winter.
Maximum Give Back trailing adjusts to the ‘market weather’. It won't make bad trades good, but it will stop you from cutting your best trades short just because your stop was designed for average conditions.
The market doesn't trade in averages but has specific likely moves dependent on context. Your exits should not be average either.
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近期,全球投资者越来越明显地感受到一个信号——美元的钱,开始“紧”了。这似乎有些不对劲,美联储10月底刚刚降息,理论上市场流动性应该更宽松,资金成本更低,但现实却是美元资金反而愈发紧张,资产价格开始同步下挫。这究竟是怎么回事?先看一个最直接的指标:纽约联储的正回购操作(Repo)和逆回购操作(Reverse Repo)。一个基本的原理是:Repo 上升、Reverse Repo 下降 = 市场资金紧张;Repo 下降、Reverse Repo 上升 = 市场资金充裕。10月末,联储的正回购操作量一度达到 500亿美元,这一数值在以往往往出现在极端流动性紧张的时刻。更关键的是,这种“抽水”并非短暂的月末现象——进入11月初后,正回购仍在持续,这意味着美元市场的“钱紧”已经趋于常态化。


(纽联储官网)
资金紧张的根源在于:原先支撑流动性的“美元蓄水池”——ONRRP(超额逆回购工具)几乎被抽干了。
在过去两年,美联储在执行量化紧缩(QT)和财政部大量发债的同时,市场的流动性压力能通过ONRRP缓冲。但如今,这个高峰时期曾超过 2万亿美元 的“蓄水池”已经见底。
这意味着,财政部每多发一笔债、每回笼一笔资金,都将直接以消耗银行准备金为代价。
更雪上加霜的是,美国政府的“关门”也在加剧这一紧张。当前,美国政府停摆已进入第36天,创历史纪录,市场普遍预测将会持续更久。虽然财政部仍在继续发行美债,但政府支出却被迫收缩——这造成了所谓的“只收钱不花钱”的状态。结果是财政部的 TGA账户余额 从关门前的 8000亿美元 飙升至 1万亿美元。
这相当于财政部把市场的钱吸走,暂时“锁进保险柜”,导致金融系统内的资金流动性被进一步抽走。

(美国财政部官网)因此,美联储降息≠流动性宽松。流动性收紧最先体现在资产价格上。鲍威尔释放“鹰派降息”信号,美元走强压制非生息资产(美股、黄金、数字货币),BT币已跌破10万关键技术与心理支撑位。股票方面,尽管AMD、英伟达等AI概念股业绩亮眼,但估值已高企;一旦预期无法持续超越,抛压立即显现。美股在强劲的企业盈利支撑下,仍然出现广度恶化、板块分化严重的迹象——少数科技巨头拉动指数,而多数板块早已疲弱。近期,美股盘中波动明显加大。大盘科技股盘前集体走低,Palantir、AMD 等年内翻倍的热门股出现回吐,而小盘股指数罗素2000则因流动性担忧大幅下跌。多家华尔街机构已开始提示短期调整风险:摩根士丹利与高盛均警告未来12–24个月内市场或回调超10%;美国银行称当前AI板块和消费板块估值“已被透支”;Piper Sandler认为,六个月的牛市之后,市场正在寻找一次“健康的修正”。总结来说,盈利没问题,但资金太紧。过去一周,比特币跌破10万美元关键支撑位,创下年内第二大单日跌幅;以太坊也同步重挫超过10%。黄金从高点跌落到4000美金/盎司,苦苦挣扎在整数位上。市场的“贪婪指数”迅速转为“极度恐惧”。

钱荒之下,现金为王。数字货币和黄金都是“无息资产”,当美元利率仍高、而流动性又紧时,这类资产当然最先被抛售。短期看,美元的“钱紧”确实是一个政策性扰动。一旦美国政府重新开门,财政支出回流,TGA账户下行,流动性将得到缓解。市场也在等待未来两周的经济数据,以重新定价12月的降息预期。另外,本周三还需关注美最高法院关于特朗普政府依据《国际紧急经济权利法》发起全球关税是否合法的审理——如果判定不合法,这将是对总统权限边界的重新划定,美债、美股反而可能双双下跌。在这样的阶段,建议分层思考:
- 长期投资者:若已具备股、债、黄金等多元化配置,无需恐慌。市场的短期波动反而创造了优质资产的加仓窗口。
- 短线交易者:在美国政府重新开门前,适当对冲股票头寸(如配置防御性板块、买入波动率或保护性期权),以应对政策真空期与流动性扰动。
- 资产配置层面:流动性紧缩往往是“转折期信号”。美联储一旦释放宽松信号,资产价格将快速反弹。保持现金、等待机会,或许比急于抄底更重要。
当财政扩张与货币紧张的矛盾同时存在,美国金融市场正经历一个微妙的临界点。短期的钱确实“紧”了,但正如历史无数次验证的那样:每一次“钱荒”,最终都以更猛烈的放水收场。
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作者:
Christine Li | GO Markets 墨尔本中文部