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一、全球及澳大利亚金融状况概览:
在本次会议上,委员们回顾了全球及澳大利亚的金融状况。近期全球科技股估值过高引发市场波动,股票价格一度下跌后反弹,美国市场受预期宽松货币政策支撑,而澳大利亚股市下跌持续更久,反映市场对现金利率上升和部分板块估值调整。全球债市利差仍低,但部分国家公司债收益率上升。利率预期方面,美联储预计降息并延续宽松,欧洲央行维持利率,加拿大、新西兰、瑞典和澳大利亚可能上调,日本则在通胀压力下逐步加息。澳大利亚短期债券收益率上升,但澳元仅小幅升值,缓解金融紧缩压力。国内方面,抵押贷款支出高企,家庭储蓄率维持高位,信贷需求回升,企业债务占GDP比重恢复至疫情前水平,显示金融状况喜忧参半。
二、经济增长与通胀趋势:
委员们对国内经济增长与通胀趋势进行了评估。10月年度CPI升至3.8%,部分因电费补贴停止,新房成本、市场服务、耐用品及国内旅行价格均高于预期,短期通胀前景上行风险增加,但数据波动性较大,需继续观察。劳动力市场方面,失业率上升趋势已在10月得到控制,其他未充分利用劳动力指标维持低水平,企业招聘仍有困难,但工资价格指数总体稳定,公共部门工资增长抵消私营部门放缓,整体略显紧张。经济增长方面,截至9月季度GDP增速接近潜在水平,私人需求增长强劲,数据中心和住房投资为主要动力,宽松政策效果预计在2026年显现。产出缺口为正,NAB产能利用率指标显示产能约束高于历史平均水平,表明经济存在一定需求过剩。
三、货币政策考量与决策
在政策讨论中,委员们重点关注三方面:总需求略高于潜在供给,通胀风险上升但持续性仍不明;私人需求复苏将支撑劳动力需求,经济增长动力依然存在;金融环境信号分化,部分委员认为不再紧缩,部分认为仍略紧,需观察债券收益率及利率上升影响。近期CPI及成本端指标显示通胀压力上行,但短期内过度推断趋势存在风险。若通胀持续上行,未来一年可能需加息,但仍需评估金融环境和市场利率对经济的作用。本次会议决定维持现金利率目标3.60%不变,并强调将持续密切关注数据变化及经济前景,在未来会议评估政策调整必要性。董事会重申其使命,致力实现价格稳定和充分就业,并将采取一切必要措施达成目标。
总结:
本次RBA会议表示,金融状况信号分化,利率上升与汇率变动影响尚未完全显现;通胀压力上行但短期持续性不明;劳动力市场略紧,私人需求复苏支撑经济。政策暂按兵不动,未来可能加息,重点关注2026年初通胀数据及金融市场动态。
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TradingView编程系列5:循环结构(上)
循环(Loops) 是一种结构,它会根据指定的条件反复执行一段语句块。它们允许脚本在不需要重复编写代码的情况下完成重复性的任务。Pine Script提供了三种不同的循环类型:for、while 和 for…in。
一、隐式循环
Pine Script的执行模型和时间序列结构,使得在许多情况下并不需要写出明显的循环。
当用户将一个 Pine 脚本添加到图表中时,脚本会在一个等同于“大循环”的环境中运行:它会在可用数据中的每一根历史 K 线以及每一个实时 tick 上各执行一次代码。脚本可以通过历史引用运算符(history-referencing operator)访问之前 K 线上的执行结果;而通过使用 var 或 varip 关键字声明的变量,其计算结果可以在多次执行之间保持不变。这些特性使脚本能够通过逐 K 线(bar-by-bar)的计算来完成各种任务,而无需依赖显式的循环。
下面我们来看一个简单的示例,说明在 Pine Script 中不必要地使用循环的情况。

下面按逐行解释这段 Pine Script 代码的含义和执行逻辑:
首先,声明这是一个指标脚本(indicator)。test是指标在图表上显示的名称。overlay = true 表示该指标绘制在主价格图表上。
其次,声明一个整数类型变量名为lengthInput的变量。input.int()为创建一个用户可在参数设置中修改的整数输入项,其中默认值为 20 根 K 线。在参数面板中显示的名称为length。
接下来,再声明一个初始化变量为 0,浮点数类型的变量closeSum。注意,由于没有使用 var 关键字,在每一根 K 线上脚本执行时,closeSum 都会被重新置为 0。
然后进入for循环,对最近的 lengthInput 根 K 线进行循环,将每根 K 线的收盘价累加到 closeSum。在循环体中,把最近 lengthInput 根 K 线的收盘价逐一相加。
再之后,用收盘价总和除以 K 线数量,计算平均值,保存到变量avgClose中。
最后,将数据画成线,其中"Average close"为图例名称,线条颜色为橙色,线条宽度为2。
总结来说,这段代码就是用for循环计算并绘制最近 lengthInput 根 K 线的收盘价平均值。
其实,这个示例的重点在于演示 “不必要的循环”,在 Pine Script 中,这种均值计算可以直接使用内置函数ta.sma,例如:
avgClose = ta.sma(close, lengthInput)
二、显性循环
尽管 Pine 的执行模型、时间序列结构以及可用的内置函数在许多情况下都能消除对循环的需求,但并非所有迭代任务都可以不用循环。在以下几类任务中,循环是必不可少的:
- 遍历或操作集合(如数组、矩阵和映射)
- 执行无法通过无循环表达式或现有内置函数完成的计算
- 回溯历史数据以分析过去的 K 线,而比较所需的参考值仅在当前 K 线上才可用
例如,要判断哪些过去的 K 线的最高价(high)高于当前 K 线的最高价,就必须使用循环。
这是因为:当前 K 线的数值在脚本运行于之前的历史 K 线时是无法获取的。脚本只能在执行到当前 K 线时访问该 K 线的数值,并且必须在这次执行过程中向后回溯历史序列,将之前的数值与当前值进行比较。
例如,下面的脚本使用 for 循环,将之前 lengthInput 根 K 线的最高价与最后一根历史 K 线的最高价进行比较。在循环中,它调用 label.new(),在每一根最高价高于最后一根历史 K 线最高价的过去 K 线上方绘制一个圆形标签:

首先,声明这是一个名为test2的指标脚本。此脚本允许最多绘制 500 个label,否则在绘制大量标签时会触发限制错误。然后设置lengthInput变量,该变量表示要拿多少根过去的 K 线的最高价(high),来和最后一根历史 K 线的最高价比较,1和500为允许输入的最小值和最大值。
接下来,判断当前是否是最后一根已确认的历史 K 线。barstate.islastconfirmedhistory在历史数据的最后一根 K 线时返回 true,在实时 K 线或更早的历史 K 线上返回 false。
在最后一根历史K线的最高价位置画一条水平虚线。其中line.new的前四个参数分别为起点横坐标,起点纵坐标,终点横坐标,终点纵坐标。
接下来进入For循环,首先判断过去某根 K 线的最高价 > 当前(最后历史)K 线的最高价,如果高于,则紫色圆形标签自动绘制在 K 线柱的上方。
最后一行代码,使用三元运算符判断给最后一根历史 K 线上色高亮。如果是最后一根历史 K 线,则为橙色,否则不改变颜色。

可以看到,当我们将长度参数设置为 60 后,图表中会在最高价高于当前 K 线最高价的历史 K 线上方显示紫色圆点,同时还会绘制一条表示当前 K 线最高价的水平虚线,用于直观地标示该参考价位。
综上所述,本文通过示例对比说明了 Pine Script 中“不必要循环”和“必须使用循环”的典型场景。合理理解 Pine 的执行模型,优先使用内置函数,可以提升脚本的简洁性与性能;而在需要基于当前 K 线回溯并分析历史数据时,循环则不可或缺。掌握循环的正确使用方式,有助于编写更高效、清晰且功能强大的 Pine Script 脚本。

What moved the ASX 200 in 2025?
In 2025, the ASX 200 closed around 8,621 points and was up approximately 6% year to date (YTD) as of 19 December close. Market direction was most sensitive to Reserve Bank of Australia (RBA) expectations, commodity prices and China-linked demand, and (to a lesser extent) moves in the Australian dollar (AUD). The index recovered from November’s pullback, but remained below October’s record close.
Key 2025 drivers included:
- RBA policy expectations: Sentiment was shaped by shifting views on the timing and extent of rate moves. The November pullback reflected repricing towards a longer pause and higher uncertainty around whether the next move could be a hike rather than a cut, particularly as jobs and inflation data surprised.
- Resources and China sensitivity: With a meaningful resources weight, the index responded to iron ore stability, strong gold prices and relative firmness in base metals. China data and any perceived policy support (including signals from the People’s Bank of China (PBOC)) remained important for the export backdrop. A relatively stable AUD also reduced currency-related noise for exporters.
- Index composition and market structure: The ASX 200’s heavier tilt to materials and banks, and lower exposure to high-growth technology, meant it often lagged tech-led global rallies, but tended to hold up better when AI and growth valuations were questioned.
- Corporate earnings: Reporting season outcomes influenced valuation support. In September’s half-year reporting season, around 33% of ASX 200 companies beat expectations, which helped underpin pricing around current levels.
Current state
The ASX 200 was roughly 5% below its late-October record high close of 9,094 points. After the November retracement, support around 8,400 appeared to hold and buying interest improved. The 50-day EMA near 8,730 (a prior consolidation area) was a commonly watched near-term reference, noting technical indicators can be unreliable.
What to watch in January
- China and commodity demand: Growth, trade and any fresh stimulus inference from the PBOC may affect sentiment.
- Domestic inflation and labour data: CPI and jobs prints are key inputs into RBA expectations.
- Key levels and follow-through: The post-November rebound may need continued demand to sustain momentum.

What moved the Nikkei 225 in 2025?
In 2025, the Nikkei 225 traded around 39,200 points and was up approximately 21% year to date (YTD). Market direction was most sensitive to moves in the Japanese yen (JPY) and Bank of Japan (BOJ) communication, with the index consolidating after multi-decade highs. While broader signals remained constructive, consolidation can resolve either higher or lower.
Key influences included:
- JPY movements and earnings translation: A weaker JPY can boost the reported value of overseas earnings for some exporters, although it may also increase input and import costs. The net impact often depends on company hedging practices and varies by sector, with effects most evident in export-heavy industries such as automotive, industrials and parts of technology manufacturing.
- Gradual BOJ policy transition: The BOJ continued to step away from ultra-easy settings, but tightening was generally cautious. Markets largely priced a slow, conditional normalisation, which helped limit downside, even as policy headlines created bouts of volatility.
- Corporate governance reforms: Ongoing improvements in capital efficiency and shareholder returns supported interest from overseas investors. Share buybacks, stronger balance-sheet discipline and improved return on equity (ROE) contributed to re-rating in parts of the market.
- Global cyclical exposure: The Nikkei moved with shifts in global manufacturing sentiment and expectations for US growth, particularly during risk-on phases associated with AI-related capital spending.
Current state
After pushing to multi-decade highs earlier in the year, the Nikkei spent time consolidating but has remained structurally strong. Price sits above key long-term moving averages, and some technicians watch the 50-day exponential moving average (EMA) as a potential reference level (noting these indicators can be unreliable). Currency swings and shifting BOJ expectations were commonly cited as contributors to much of the second-half volatility, although pullbacks were generally met with buying interest.
What to watch in January for Japan
- JPY volatility: Sharper yen moves, especially if driven by BOJ or Federal Reserve expectations, could quickly change exporter earnings assumptions.
- BOJ communication: Small changes in language on inflation persistence or bond market operations may move sentiment.
- Global growth data: US and China manufacturing and trade prints remain key inputs for an externally focused economy.
