交易术语表A - B - C - D - E - F - G - H - I - J - K - L - M - N - O - P - Q - R - S - T - U - V - W - X - Y - Z-Z-Score Z分值一种用于对均值附近的数据点进行规范化的数据方法。Zero Bound 零界零界是指处于、靠近或趋近于零的利率（或相应的货币政策）。
By
GO Markets
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免责声明：文章来自 GO Markets 分析师和参与者，基于他们的独立分析或个人经验。表达的观点、意见或交易风格仅代表作者个人，不代表 GO Markets 立场。建议，（如有），具有“普遍”性，并非基于您的个人目标、财务状况或需求。在根据建议采取行动之前，请考虑该建议（如有）对您的目标、财务状况和需求的适用程度。如果建议与购买特定金融产品有关，您应该在做出任何决定之前了解并考虑该产品的产品披露声明 (PDS) 和金融服务指南 (FSG)。
交易术语表A - B - C - D - E - F - G - H - I - J - K - L - M - N - O - P - Q - R - S - T - U - V - W - X - Y - Z-EEarnings per share 每股收益 每股收益 (EPS) 是一家公司的净利润除以已发行股票的数量。是一种通常用于衡量公司盈利能力的工具。 EBITDA 息税折旧摊销前利润息税折旧摊销前利润（扣除利息、所得税、折旧、摊销之前的利润）是一种评估公司业绩的方式。净收入的替代衡量标准。 ECB 欧洲央行欧洲央行代表欧洲中央银行，是欧元区的中央银行。Equity 权益权益在交易中可以有多种不同的含义，但它通常指的是没有任何债务的资产的所有权。Equity options 股票期权股票期权是赋予持有人权利（而非义务）的合同，可以在到期日之前以指定价格买卖标的证券的股票。 ETF 交易所交易基金ETF代表交易所交易基金，是一种在证券交易所交易的基金。 ETP 交易平台 ETP 代表交易所交易产品，是在证券交易所公开交易的金融产品类型。Eurobond 欧洲债券欧洲债券是以本国货币（发行市场或国家）以外的货币计价的债务产品。有时称为外部债券。 Eurodollar Bonds 欧洲美元债券欧洲债券的一种，欧洲美元债券以美元计价，但在美国境外出售。可以销往世界各地。Exotics 奇异货币奇异货币是指交易不太活跃的货币。Exchange 交易所交易金融产品的开放市场。交易所也被称作“市场”。Execution 执行由经纪人执行和完成的来自交易员的订单买卖。Expiry date 到期日交易头寸自动平仓的那一天。Expiry 到期（期货合约）期货合约的到期日是您可以交易该合约的最后一天。 Exposure 风险敞口风险敞口可能是在交易中会发生的任何事。它可以是投资于某种资产的资金数额，也可以是投资者未平仓交易的总市值。或是任何特定时间段内潜在的风险总量。
交易术语表A - B - C - D - E - F - G - H - I - J - K - L - M - N - O - P - Q - R - S - T - U - V - W - X - Y - Z-CCable 电缆外汇中的电缆是英镑/美元货币对的别称，是市场上最受欢迎的货币对之一。 Calendar Spread 日历价差日历价差是一种交易技术，它包括在一个月内购买一项资产的衍生品，并在另一个月出售同一资产的衍生品。日历价差代表同一资产从一种期货合约到另一种期货合约的价格差异。 Call option 看涨期权看涨期权是在特定日期之前以给定价格购买资产的期权。Capital expenditure 资本支出花费在有形资产的资金。 Capital gains 资本收益资本收益是当资产的售价超过原始购买价时，从资产买卖中获得的利润。Capital gains tax 资产增值税资产增值税（或 CGT）是政府对出售的任意金融资产所得利润征收的税。 Capital loss 资本损失与资本增值相反。指当资产的售价低于持有者用于购买该资产的原始成本。 Cash flow 现金流现金流是公司资金流入和流出的数量，以及由此产生的可用现金。它可以是单个项目或整个企业的。Cash Price 现金价格不要与即时价格或现货价格混淆，现金价格是指为立即交付的商品或资产而支付或收取的价格。越接近现货期货合约的到期日，现货价格和现货期货价格应该越接近。Cash rate 现金利率现金利率也称为银行利率或基准利率，是中央银行向其他银行贷款收取的利率。 Chartist 图表交易员图表交易员主要依靠图表来帮助他们理解历史数据，以便更好地推测未来的价格走势。也通常被称为技术分析师或技术交易员。Closing price 收盘价交易日结束时金融市场上证券的价格。收盘价可以用作在查看长期历史走势时的标记，或与开盘价进行比较，以回顾一天内的走势。 Commission 佣金佣金是投资经纪人代表客户进行交易而收取的服务费。 Commodity 大宗商品大宗商品是一种可以买卖的基础实物资产。通常是用于生产其他商品或服务的原材料中的一类。Contracts for difference 差价合约差价合约 (CFD) 是一种金融衍生品，其收益或损失基于合约开仓和平仓时的资产价格差异。这是一种以现金结算开盘价和收盘价之间的价格差额，并且没有实物商品或证券交付的结算方案。Contract (Lot)成交单位（手数） 手数是一个交易单位，代表固定数量的特定资产。外汇市场的标准手数为 100,000 美元。一迷你手为 10,000 美元。Convexity 凸性债券凸性是衡量债券价格和债券收益率之间“曲线程度”或差异的指标。它是一种风险管理工具，用于评估利率上升或下降可能对债券价格产生的影响——这突出了债券持有人的风险敞口。Contango 期货溢价通常在市场供应充足时看到，期货溢价是指商品或证券的期货价格高于现货价格（现价）。此时可以通过预计较高的期货合约价格以反映商品的持有成本。Cost of carry 持有成本持有成本是持有头寸所需的额外资金数额。这可能包括隔夜融资费用、利息费用或在交割期货合约时存储任意大宗商品的成本。这些费用是交易时的重要考虑因素，因为它们会影响净回报。 Covered call 备兑看涨期权备兑看涨期权是一种看涨期权交易策略，即持有可交易资产的现有多头头寸，并针对同一资产出售（卖出）看涨期权以产生额外收入。目的是增加交易者可获得的整体利润。CPI 消费者物价指数 CPI代表消费者物价指数，衡量美国消费者每月支付的平均价格的变化。 Crystallisation 结晶交易结晶交易是通过卖出头寸并立即重新开仓来获得盈利或产生亏损的行为。 Currency appreciation 货币升值一种货币相对于另一种货币的增值。外汇交易中一种货币的“走强”意味着购买它会花费更多，或者它可以在卖出时购买更多的另一种货币。Currency depreciation 货币贬值在浮动汇率制度中，一种特定货币相对于另一种货币的贬值。在浮动汇率制度中，一种货币的价值根据外汇市场的供需关系决定。Currency peg 货币挂钩一种货币的固定汇率，由国家政府或中央银行设定。有时也被称为固定汇率或“挂钩”。Currency Swap 货币互换有时又称为交叉货币互换，这是一种两方之间以两种不同货币的本金和固定利率利息支付交换为双方商定的交换汇率的协议。
交易术语表A - B - C - D - E - F - G - H - I - J - K - L - M - N - O - P - Q - R - S - T - U - V - W - X - Y - Z-DDark pools 暗池暗池是一个私人组织的金融论坛或证券交易场所。它们允许机构投资者在交易执行和报告之后进行无风险交易。Day order 当日指令当日指令是指向经纪人发出的以特定价格执行交易的订单准备金，该指令在交易日结束时到期。Day trading 日内交易日内交易涉及在收市前买卖股票，以赚取短期利润。Debt ratio 资产负债率资产负债率用于与资产价值对比以表明公司持有多少债务。它也可以应用于个人：即为个人债务的应计费用与每年总收入的比值。Delta 德尔塔值德尔塔值也被称为对冲比率，是期权交易中使用的一种衡量标准，用于评估期权合约的价格如何随着标的资产价格的变动而变化。Depreciation 贬值一件资产价值的下降被定义为贬值。它可能由市场环境或其他因素造成，如磨损和折旧。与升值相反。Derivative 衍生品衍生品是从标的资产的价格中获取价值的金融产品。交易员经常使用衍生品作为一种工具来推测资产的未来价格走势，无论是上涨还是下跌，都无需购买资产本身。Direct market access (DMA) 直接市场准入 (DMA) 直接市场准入 (DMA) 是一种将交易直接放置在交易所订单簿上的方式。因此，直接市场准入在交易时为交易者提供了灵活性和透明度。但由于其中的风险和复杂性，通常仅建高阶交易员使用。Dividend 股息企业选择按百分比返还给股东的一部分利润称为股息。股息通常每季度支付一次，但在某些情况下，也会每年甚至每月支付一次，具体取决于公司政策。
Artificial intelligence stocks have begun to waver slightly, experiencing a selloff period in the first week of this month. The Nasdaq has fallen approximately 2%, wiping out around $500 billion in market value from top technology companies.
Palantir Technologies dropped nearly 8% despite beating Wall Street estimates and issuing strong guidance, highlighting growing investor concerns about stretched valuations in the AI sector.
Nvidia shares also fell roughly 4%, while the broader selloff extended to Asian markets, which experienced some of their sharpest declines since April.
Wall Street executives, including Morgan Stanley CEO Ted Pick and Goldman Sachs CEO David Solomon, warned of potential 10-20% drawdowns in equity markets over the coming year.
And Michael Burry, famous for predicting the 2008 housing crisis, recently revealed his $1.1 billion bet against both Nvidia and Palantir, further pushing the narrative that the AI rally may be overextended.
As we near 2026, the sentiment around AI is seemingly starting to shift, with investors beginning to seek evidence of tangible returns on the massive investments flowing into AI, rather than simply betting on future potential.
However, despite the recent turbulence, many are simply characterising this pullback as "healthy" profit-taking rather than a fundamental reassessment of AI's value.
Supreme Court Raises Doubts About Trump’s Tariffs
The US Supreme Court heard arguments overnight on the legality of President Donald Trump's "liberation day" tariffs, with judges from both sides of the political spectrum expressing scepticism about the presidential authority being claimed.
Trump has relied on a 1970s-era emergency law, the International Emergency Economic Powers Act (IEEPA), to impose sweeping tariffs on goods imported into the US.
At the centre of the case are two core questions: whether the IEEPA authorises these sweeping tariffs, and if so, whether Trump’s implementation is constitutional.
Chief Justice John Roberts and Justice Amy Coney Barrett indicated they may be inclined to strike down or curb the majority of the tariffs, while Justice Brett Kavanaugh questioned why no president before Trump had used this authority.
Prediction markets saw the probability of the court upholding the tariffs drop from 40% to 25% after the hearing.
Polymarket odds on Supreme Court upholding Trump's tariffs
The US government has collected $151 billion from customs duties in the second half of 2025 alone, a nearly 300% increase over the same period in 2024.
Should the court rule against the tariffs, potential refunds could reach approximately $100 billion.
The court has not indicated a date on which it will issue its final ruling, though the Trump administration has requested an expedited decision.
Shutdown Becomes Longest in US History
The US government shutdown entered its 36th day today, officially becoming the longest in history. It surpasses the previous 35-day record set during Trump's first term from December 2018 to January 2019.
The Senate has failed 14 times to advance spending legislation, falling short of the 60-vote supermajority by five votes in the most recent vote.
So far, approximately 670,000 federal employees have been furloughed, and 730,000 are currently working without pay. Over 1.3 million active-duty military personnel and 750,000 National Guard and reserve personnel are also working unpaid.
SNAP food stamp benefits ran out of funding on November 1 — something 42 million Americans rely on weekly. However, the Trump administration has committed to partial payments to subsidise the benefits, though delivery could take several weeks.
Flight disruptions have affected 3.2 million passengers, with staffing shortages hitting more than half of the nation's 30 major airports. Nearly 80% of New York's air traffic controllers are absent.
From a market perspective, each week of shutdown reduces GDP by approximately 0.1%. The Congressional Budget Office estimates the total cost of the shutdown will be between $7 billion and $14 billion, with the higher figure assuming an eight-week duration.
Consumer spending could drop by $30 billion if the eight-week duration is reached, according to White House economists, with potential GDP impacts of up to 2 percentage points total.
You've been using a 30-pip trailing stop for as long as you can remember. It feels professional, manageable and relatively safe.
But during volatile sessions, you see your winners get stopped out prematurely, while low-volatility winners drift back and hit stops that are relatively too tight.
Same 30 pips, different market contexts, but inconsistent in the protection of profit and overall results.
The Fixed-Pip Fallacy?
Traders gravitate toward fixed pip trailing stops because they feel concrete and calculable. The approach is easy to execute, readily automated through platforms like MetaTrader, and aligns with how most people naturally think about profit and loss.
But this simplicity masks a fundamental problem.
A twenty-five pip move in EURUSD during the London open represents an entirely different market event than the same move during the Asian session. The context matters, yet the fixed-pip approach treats them identically.
This becomes even more problematic when you consider different currency pairs. GBPJPY might have an average true range of thirty pips on an hourly chart, while EURGBP shows only ten. The same trailing stop applied to both instruments ignores the reality that volatility varies dramatically across pairs.
Timeframe introduces yet another layer of complexity. Take AUDUSD as an example: a ten-pip move on a four-hour chart barely registers as meaningful price action, but on a five-minute chart it represents a significant swing. The fixed-pip method treats these scenarios as equivalent.
The natural response might be to use something more sophisticated, like an ATR multiple. This accounts for your chosen timeframe, the instrument's normal volatility, and even session differences. But it brings its own complications.
When do you measure the ATR? Do you use the value at entry, knowing it might be distorted by sessional effects? Or do you make it dynamic, which becomes far more complex to implement in practice?
Perhaps there's another way forward that doesn't rely on abstract measures of volatility but instead responds directly to the movement of price in relation to the trade you're actually in—accounting for your lot size and the profit you've already captured.
Maximum Give Back: The Percentage Approach
Instead of asking "how do I protect profit after fifty pips," ask "how do I protect profit after giving back a certain percentage of open gains."
Consider a maximum give-back threshold of 40%. When your trade is up one hundred pips, the trailing stop activates if price retraces forty pips from peak, locking in a minimum of sixty pips.
But when that same trade reaches two hundred fifty pips of profit, the stop adjusts, and now it activates at a one-hundred-pip pullback, securing at least one hundred fifty pips. The stop distance scales naturally with the magnitude of the win you're sitting on.
This creates a logical asymmetry that fixed pip approaches miss entirely. Small winners receive tighter protection. Big winners get room to breathe.
The approach adapts automatically to what the market is actually giving you in real time, without requiring you to predict anything in advance.
You don't need to maintain a reference table where EURUSD gets thirty pips and GBPJPY gets sixty. You don't need different standards for different instruments at all.
The same 40% logic works whether the average true range is high or low, whether volatility is expanding or contracting. It survives regime changes without requiring recalibration because it's responding to the trade itself rather than to abstract measures of what the instrument normally does.
The market tells you how much it's willing to move in your direction, and you protect that information proportionally. Nothing more complicated than that.
Key Parameters to Specify in Your System:
Maximum Give Back Percent: 30-50% is typical, but is dependent on how much profit retracement you can tolerate.
Minimum Profit to Activate: In dollar amount or an ATR multiple form entry. This prevents premature exits on tiny winners, e.g., if it has moved 5 pips at 40% that would mean you are only locking in a 3-pip profit.
Update Frequency: Potentially every bar. More frequent, but there may be issues if there is a limited ability to look at the market (if using some sort of automation, this could be programmed).
Is Maximum Giveback Always the Optimum Trail?
As with many approaches, results can be highly dependent on underlying market conditions. It is important to be balanced.
The table below summarises some observations when maximum giveback has been used as part of automated exits.
The major difference isn’t likely to be an increased win rate. It is about keeping more of your runners during high-volatility price moves rather than donating them back to the market.
It may not always be the best approach, as different strategies often merit different exit approaches.
There are two obvious scenarios where fixed pips may still be worth consideration.
Very short-term scalping (sub-20 pip targets)
News trading, where you want instant hard stops
Integrating Maximum Giveback With Your System
You may have other complementary exit filters in place that you already use. Remember, the ideal is often a combination of exits, with whichever is triggered first.
There is no reason why this approach will not work well with approaches such as set stops, take profits and partial closes (where you simply use maximum Giveback in the remainder as well as time-based exits.
Final Thoughts
To use fixed-pip trailing stops irrespective of instrument pricing, volatility, timeframe, and sessional considerations is the trading equivalent of wearing the same jacket in summer and winter.
Maximum Give Back trailing adjusts to the ‘market weather’. It won't make bad trades good, but it will stop you from cutting your best trades short just because your stop was designed for average conditions.
The market doesn't trade in averages but has specific likely moves dependent on context. Your exits should not be average either.
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