这是四月开始时的情况。一场战争正在影响世界上最重要的石油阻塞点之一。布伦特原油交易价格高于100美元。而美联储(Fed)在2025年的大部分时间里都在设计软着陆,现在面临的通货膨胀威胁与其说是由工资、服务业或国内经济驱动的,不如说是由能源驱动的。它正在关注石油冲击。
联邦基金利率为3.50%至3.75%。下一次联邦公开市场委员会(FOMC)会议将于4月28日和29日举行,市场面临的关键问题不是美联储是否会削减,而是美联储能否削减,或者能源冲击是否可能在2026年的大部分时间里关闭了这扇大门。
大量重要数据将于4月发布。3月份的消费者物价指数(CPI)、非农就业人数(NFP)和第一季度国内生产总值(GDP)的预估是最重要的三个。但联邦公开市场委员会4月29日的声明可能为今年余下的时间定下了基调。
Fed Funds Rate
3.50%–3.75%
Next FOMC
28–29 April 2026
Key data events
12 major releases
增长:业务活动和需求
想想今年的美国经济是什么样子:人工智能驱动的资本支出(capex)是增长叙事的重要组成部分,企业投资意向看上去很坚定,《一、大、美法案》已经在其中了。从表面上看,增长故事看起来很扎实。
然后,霍尔木兹海峡的局势改变了计算方式。不是因为美国是净能源进口国,事实并非如此,而且结构隔热很重要。但是,对美国能源生产商有利的东西仍然可以挤压其他地方的利润率并压制全球需求。4月30日的第一季度国内生产总值(GDP)预估现在可以从两个角度来解读:冲击前经济有多强劲,以及它可能对未来几个季度发出什么信号。
Key dates (AEST)
US international trade in goods and services (February)
Bureau of Economic Analysis · 10:30 pm AEDT
Medium
Q1 GDP — advance estimate
Bureau of Economic Analysis · 10:30 pm AEST
High
What markets look for
- Resilience in Q1 GDP despite the elevated interest rate environment and early energy cost pressures
- Trade balance movements linked to shifting global tariff frameworks
- Business investment intentions following passage of the "One Big Beautiful Bill Act"
- Early signs of capacity constraints emerging in technology-heavy sectors
How this data may move markets
| Scenario |
Treasuries |
USD |
Equities |
| Stronger than expected growth |
↑ Yields rise |
↑ Firmer |
Mixed - depends on inflation read |
| Softer growth/GDP miss |
↓ Yields fall |
↓ Softer |
Risk off if stagflation narrative builds |
劳工:工资和就业
根据你的阅读方式,二月份的就业报告要么是短暂的,要么是一个警告信号。非农就业人数(NFP)下降了92,000人,失业率小幅上升至4.4%,官方说天气起了作用。这可能是真的,但这也是发生的事情。作为维持高利率的主要论点,劳动力市场突然显得不那么令人信服了。
4月3日的3月就业报告现在确实具有重要意义。回归正的薪资增长可能会稳定紧张情绪,而连续第二次的软打印,尤其是在能源价格上涨的背景下,将开始给美联储带来非常不舒服的说法。它将同时考虑就业增长放缓和通货膨胀威胁。那不是一个舒适的地方。
Key dates (AEST)
March employment situation (NFP and unemployment rate)
Bureau of Labor Statistics · 10:30 pm AEDT
High
Q1 employment cost index
Bureau of Labor Statistics · 10:30 pm AEST
Medium
What markets look for
- A return to positive payroll growth, or confirmation that February's softness was the start of a trend
- Stabilisation or further movement in the unemployment rate from 4.4%
- Average hourly earnings growth relative to core inflation — the wage-price dynamic the Fed watches closely
- Weekly initial jobless claims as a real-time signal of whether layoff activity is rising
通货膨胀:消费者价格指数、PPI和个人消费支出
关于通货膨胀目前的走向,这是一个令人不安的真相。在任何石油冲击结束之前,美联储首选的核心个人消费支出(PCE)在1月份已经同比增长了3.1%。美联储并未完全解决其通货膨胀问题,相反,它已经放慢了通货膨胀的速度。那是另一回事。
现在,除了尚未完全解决的通货膨胀问题外,油价还大幅上涨。能源价格可以通过汽油、运输和物流成本相对较快地纳入消费者物价指数(CPI),这些成本最终会出现在几乎所有物品的价格中。4月10日的3月CPI数据可能是本月最重要的单一数据发布,它可能会告诉我们能源冲击是否已经出现在美联储关注的数字中。
Key dates (AEST)
Consumer price index (CPI) — March
Bureau of Labor Statistics · 10:30 pm AEST
High
Producer price index (PPI) — March
Bureau of Labor Statistics · 10:30 pm AEST
Medium
Personal income and outlays incl. PCE price index — March
Bureau of Economic Analysis · 10:30 pm AEST
High
What markets look for
- Monthly CPI acceleration driven by energy and shelter components — the two stickiest inputs
- PPI as a forward-looking signal: producer cost pressure tends to feed into consumer prices with a lag
- PCE trends relative to the Fed's 2% target, particularly the core reading that strips out food and energy
- Any sign that AI-related pricing power is feeding into corporate margins in ways that sustain elevated core readings
How this data may move markets
| Scenario |
Treasuries |
USD |
Gold |
| Cooling core inflation |
↓ Yields fall |
↓ Softer |
↑ Supportive |
| Sticky or rising inflation |
↑ Yields rise |
↑ Firmer |
↓ Headwind |
政策、贸易和收益
4月也是美国财报季的开始,本季度的业绩具有异常的分量。在回报即将到来的基础上,投资者一直在向人工智能基础设施注入资金。问题是何时。随着地缘政治波动推动人们从以增长为导向的技术转向能源和国防,摩根大通4月14日的财报将既考虑管理层对宏观环境的看法,也要考虑数字本身。
然后是4月28日和29日的联邦公开市场委员会会议。在4月初公布包括NFP、CPI和生产者物价指数(PPI)在内的数据之后,美联储将有足够的信息来更新其措辞。无论是表明降息可能持续到2026年,还是稍微半开着大门,都可能是本季度最重要的沟通。
地缘政治波动已经促使投资者重新评估以增长为主的定位。估计耗资6,500亿美元的人工智能基础设施建设在投资回报率方面也受到更严格的审查。如果财报季在这方面令人失望,如果联邦公开市场委员会表示将长期搁置,那么这种组合可能会考验进入5月的风险偏好。
Monitor this month (AEST)
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14 April - JPMorgan Chase Q1 earnings
The first major bank to report. Management commentary on credit conditions, consumer spending, and the macro outlook will set the tone for financial sector earnings and broader market sentiment.
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15 April - Bank of America Q1 earnings
A read on consumer credit conditions and household financial health, particularly relevant given rising energy costs and the 4.4% unemployment rate.
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28-29 April - FOMC meeting and policy statement
The month's most consequential event. The statement and any updated forward guidance may effectively confirm whether rate cuts remain a possibility for 2026.
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Ongoing - Strait of Hormuz tanker traffic
A live indicator of energy supply risk. Any escalation or resolution carries immediate implications for oil prices, inflation expectations, and the Fed's options.
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Ongoing - Sovereign AI export restrictions
Developing policy around technology export curbs may affect capital expenditure plans for US technology firms, with knock-on implications for growth and employment in the sector.
The Bigger Picture
Geopolitical volatility has forced a rotation into energy and defence at the expense of growth oriented technology positions. The estimated US$650 billion AI infrastructure buildout is increasingly being scrutinised for returns on investment. If earnings season disappoints on that front, and if the FOMC signals a prolonged hold, the combination could test risk appetite heading into May.
美国即将发布重大数据?保持专注。
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