Asia-Pacific markets start the week with sentiment shaped by China’s mid-week trade data, USDJPY (USD/JPY) as Japan’s key volatility channel, and offshore reporting influencing Australian equities. With a light domestic data calendar, global events may do most of the work on risk appetite.

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Quick facts:

• China's mid-week trade data is the primary regional risk event, with imports monitored for signs of domestic demand stability.
• USD/JPY remains the key volatility channel, which may influence Nikkei performance.
• Australian equities lack major domestic catalysts, leaving the ASX and AUD direction sensitive to China outcomes, geopolitics and US bank earnings.

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This week’s Asia-Pacific focus is less about local policy and more about the transmission channels that typically set the tone. 

For China, trade data may shape the growth narrative. 

For Japan, the USD/JPY direction may influence equity momentum. 

For Australia, offshore earnings, commodities and geopolitics may dominate in the absence of major domestic catalysts.

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China: Shanghai may be influenced by trade data

What to watch:

With mid-week Chinese trade data, markets may view the release as a gauge of whether policy support is translating into growth activity or slowing any downturn.

Key release:

• Wed 14 Jan: Trade balance, exports and imports (December) (high sensitivity)

How markets may respond:

Shanghai Composite: Stronger trade data could support sentiment, though the quality and perceived longevity of any improvement may matter. Weak imports would likely be read as continued softness in domestic demand.

Australia (resources and AUD): China trade and credit tone can feed directly into bulk commodity expectations and regional risk appetite, with potential flow-through to ASX miners and AUDUSD (AUD/USD).

Japan: FX sensitivity remains the key factor

What to watch:

With no major policy decision scheduled, and the producer price index (PPI) the main data point, Japan’s influence this week may run primarily through USD/JPY moves after US data releases, and broader geopolitical headlines, particularly as markets reopen after Monday’s public holiday.

Key releases:

• Wed 14 Jan: Preliminary machine tool orders, year on year (y/y) (low sensitivity)
• Thu 15 Jan: PPI (medium sensitivity)

How markets may respond:

USD/JPY: The pair ended last week around 158, near recent highs. Moves can be volatile; markets will watch whether the pair holds recent strength or retraces, particularly around prior trading ranges.

Nikkei 225: The index hit a record high early last week before a modest two-day pullback, then closed higher on Friday. Equity momentum, often closely tied to FX stability, may be influenced by the strength or otherwise of USD/JPY.

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Australia: offshore drivers dominate in a lighter data week

What to watch:

In the absence of significant domestic data releases, Australian markets may be more exposed to external influences. The main themes are China trade data, geopolitics, commodity prices and the start of the US earnings season, with banks in focus.

Key releases:

• Tue 13 Jan: Westpac consumer sentiment (low sensitivity)
• Thu 15 Jan: Melbourne Institute (MI) inflation expectations (low sensitivity)

How markets may respond:

ASX 200: The index has been consolidating around the 8,700–8,800 area (approx.). Local financial stocks may react to inferences made from US bank earnings. Stocks such as Macquarie Group are typically more sensitive to global market conditions and activity in investment markets, often drawing comparisons with US peers such as JPMorgan Chase (JPM).

AUDUSD (AUD/USD): AUD/USD has pulled back after last week’s gains and is trading near recent highs. Technical commentary is mixed, and price action can change quickly around major offshore events.

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Other Asia-Pacific events

South Korea is expecting an interest rate decision on Thursday. Any deviation from market expectations for no change (currently 2.5% per Trading Economics) could create a minor FX ripple in regional currency pairs.

Asia-Pacific calendar:

• Mon 12 Jan: Japan public holiday
• Tue 13 Jan: Australia consumer sentiment
• Wed 14 Jan: China trade balance, exports and imports‍
• Thu 15 Jan: Bank of Korea rate decision; Japan PPI; Australia inflation expectations

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Bottom line

• If China trade and credit data stabilise, regional equities may move higher, with AUD and ASX resource stocks among the key sensitivity points.
• If USD/JPY extends higher, the Nikkei may remain supported near highs, though FX volatility risk may increase.
• If US bank earnings disappoint, ASX financials could face near-term pressure despite limited domestic data.
• Information is accurate as at 23:00 AEDT on 11 January 2026. Economic calendar events, charts and market price data are sourced from TradingView.

Ahead of the US nonfarm payrolls (NFP) release (Friday, 9 January, 8:30 am ET/ Saturday, 10 January, 12:30 am AEDT), major US equity indices have been trading near recent highs (as at 9 January 2026).

Next week, attention is likely to shift to inflation data, any change in expectations for Federal Reserve (Fed) policy, and the start of US earnings season. Together, these may support or challenge current valuations.

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Quick facts:

US inflation: The consumer price index (CPI) and producer price index (PPI) releases will test whether inflation is showing signs of persistence.

Earnings season: Major US banks report first, providing an early read on financial conditions and whether current valuations can hold up.

Gold futures: Gold futures remain close to record levels, with US dollar (USD) moves after key data a potential swing factor.

Geopolitics: Ongoing tensions remain on the radar and could influence risk sentiment.

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US inflation data: could CPI and PPI shift rate-cut expectations?

Timing: 

• CPI: Wednesday 14 January, 12:30 am AEDT
• PPI: Thursday 15 January, 12:30 am AEDT

CPI and PPI are the major scheduled macro events for the week. The updated inflation prints across consumer and producer prices will help markets assess whether disinflation is continuing or whether inflation is showing signs of persistence.

Market impact:

• A softer outcome could support risk sentiment and weigh on Treasury yields and the USD. However, reactions can vary depending on positioning and broader macro headlines, including how confidently markets price a March Fed rate cut.
• A stronger-than-expected reading may pressure equities and reinforce caution in bond markets.

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US earnings season begins with the banks

Timing: 

• JPMorgan Chase (JPM): Tuesday, 6:35 am ET 

US earnings season begins with results from major banks, providing an early snapshot of financial conditions and economic momentum. Investor attention is likely to extend beyond headline earnings to guidance and management commentary.

Market impact

• Strong results versus earnings per share (EPS) and revenue expectations could support sentiment, particularly within financials.
• Cautious forward guidance may pressure share prices and could weigh on broader indices if it becomes a common theme.
• Early bank prints can shape expectations for the wider season. Watch how the first reporters in each sector influence related stocks. 

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Gold futures to retest record highs?

After a recent pullback, gold futures are trading within striking distance of record highs again. The backdrop remains a mix of geopolitical uncertainty and the potential for data-driven moves in the USD.

Market impact

• Continued strength could support a retest of late December highs around US$4,585.
• The short-term US$4,500 area may act as a short-term technical resistance in determining whether upside momentum can hold.
• Another pullback may occur if yields rise or the USD strengthens following key data releases.

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Geopolitics remains in focus

Geopolitics remains a background market consideration, with headlines and broader policy messaging sometimes influencing risk sentiment. Markets have shown resilience to date, but sensitivity may rise if developments escalate.

Market impact

• Escalation could influence energy prices, defence stocks, and hedging assets such as gold.
• A cooling in the narrative may reduce volatility and allow markets to refocus on macro data and earnings.

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Economic calendar

All dates and times may be subject to change.

Venezuela commands the world's largest proven oil reserves at 303 billion barrels. Yet political turmoil, global sanctions, and recent US intervention show that being the biggest isn’t always best.

Quick facts:

• Venezuela holds 18% of the world's total proven oil reserves despite producing less than 1% of global consumption.
• Just four countries (Venezuela, Saudi Arabia, Iran, and Canada) control over half the planet's proven reserves.
• Saudi Arabia dominates crude oil production contributing to over 16% of global exports.
• US shale technology has enabled America to lead in production despite ranking ninth in reserves.

Top 10 countries by proven oil reserves

1. Venezuela – 303 billion barrels 

• Controls 18% of global reserves, primarily extra-heavy crude in the Orinoco Belt requiring specialised refining.
• Heavy crude trades $15-20 below Brent benchmarks due to high sulphur content and complex processing requirements.
• Output crashed 60% from 2.5 million bpd in 2014 to less than 1.0 million bpd last year.
• Approximately 80% of exports flow to China as loan repayment, with export revenues dwarfed by reserve potential.

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2. Saudi Arabia – 267 billion barrels 

• Majority light, sweet crude oil requires minimal refining and commands premium prices, contributing to world-leading exports of $191.1 billion in 2024.
• Maintains 2-3 million bpd of spare production capacity, providing market stabilisation capability during supply disruptions.
• Oil comprises roughly 50% of the country’s GDP and 70% of its export earnings.
• Production decisions significantly impact international oil prices due to market dominance.

3. Iran – 209 billion barrels 

• Heavy Western sanctions severely limit the country’s ability to monetise and access international markets.
• Production estimates vary significantly (2.5-3.8 million bpd) due to sanctions, limited transparency, and restricted international reporting.
• Significant crude volumes flow to China through discount arrangements and sanctions-evading mechanisms.
• Sanctions relief could rapidly boost production toward 4-5 million bpd, though domestic consumption (12th globally) reduces export potential.

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4. Canada – 163 billion barrels 

• Approximately 97% of reserves are oil sands (bitumen) requiring steam-assisted extraction and significant upfront capital investment.
• Political stability and regulatory frameworks position Canada as a secure source compared to volatile producers, with direct pipeline access to US refineries.
• Supplied over 60% of U.S. crude oil imports in 2024, making Canada America's top source by far.

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5. Iraq – 145 billion barrels 

• Decades of war and sanctions have prevented optimal field development and infrastructure modernisation.
• Improved security conditions since 2017 have enabled production recovery, but pipeline attacks and aging facilities continue to constrain output.
• Oil revenue comprises over 90% of government income, creating extreme fiscal vulnerability.
• Exports flow primarily to China, India, and Asian buyers seeking a reliable Middle Eastern supply, with most production from super-giant southern fields near Basra.

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6. United Arab Emirates – 113 billion barrels 

• Produces primarily medium-to-light sweet crude commanding premium prices, ranking fourth globally in export value at $87.6 billion.
• Has successfully diversified its economy through tourism, finance, and trade, reducing oil's GDP share compared to Gulf peers.
• Strategic location near the Strait of Hormuz and openness to international oil companies help facilitate efficient global distribution.

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7. Kuwait – 101.5 billion barrels 

• Reserves are concentrated in aging super-giant fields like Burgan, which require enhanced recovery techniques.
• Favourable geology enables extraction costs around $8-10 per barrel, with proven reserves providing 80+ years of supply at current production rates.
• Oil comprises 60% of GDP and over 95% of export revenue.

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8. Russia – 80 billion barrels 

• World's third-largest producer despite ranking eighth in reserves.
• Post-2022 Western sanctions redirected crude flows from Europe to Asia, with China and India now absorbing the majority at discounted prices.
• Despite export restrictions and G7 price cap at $60/barrel, it posted the second-highest global export value at $169.7 billion in 2024.
• Russian Urals crude typically trades $15-30 below Brent due to quality, sanctions, and logistics, with November 2024 revenues declining to $11 billion.

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9. United States – 74.4 billion barrels 

• The shale revolution through horizontal drilling and hydraulic fracturing has made the U.S. the world's #1 oil producer despite holding only the 9th-largest reserves.
• The Permian Basin accounts for nearly 50% of production, with shale/tight oil representing 65% of total output.
• Achieved net petroleum exporter status in 2020 for the first time since 1949, with crude exports growing from near-zero in 2015 to over 4 million bpd in 2024.
• The U.S. government maintains a 375+ million barrel strategic reserve.

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10. Libya – 48.4 billion barrels 

• Holds Africa's largest proven oil reserves at 48.4 billion barrels, producing light sweet crude commanding premium prices.
• Rival bordering governments compete for oil revenue control, causing production to fluctuate based on political conditions.
• Oil facilities face blockades, militia attacks, and political leverage tactics, preventing consistent returns.
• Favourable geology enables extraction costs around $10-15 per barrel, with geographic proximity making Libya a natural supplier to European refineries.

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What does this mean for oil markets?

The concentration of reserves among OPEC members (60% of the global total) ensures the organisation has continued influence over pricing, even as US shale provides a production counterweight. 

Venezuela's potential return as a major exporter post-U.S. occupation could eventually ease supply constraints, though most analysts view significant production increases as years away.

Sanctions could create a situation where discounted crude seeks buyers willing to navigate compliance risks. Refiners with heavy crude processing capability may benefit from price differentials if Venezuelan barrels increase.

While reserves appear abundant, economically recoverable volumes depend on sustained high prices. If renewable adoption accelerates and demand peaks sooner than projected, stranded assets become a material risk for reserve-heavy producers.

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